Spinach summer cultivation technique
Spinach is a kind of vegetable that is not heat-resistant and weak against rain. It grows poorly at 21 °C, it is difficult to grow above 25 °C, it is highly perishable after rain, and its commerciality is declining. Therefore, in the summer of high temperature and rain, choose one. Appropriate varieties, using special shading and rain-proof cultivation techniques to solve the shortage of spinach in the summer and off-season, can create certain economic benefits for vegetable farmers.
Now in recent years, in Linyi District vegetable technology services, understand and master the spinach summer planting technology, summarized as follows:
1, variety selection
The choice of heat-resistant and late-twitching varieties is the guarantee for the success of spinach summer planting. In actual planting, the better introduced varieties are quaternary, strong, and star. The domestic varieties include Guangdong round-leaf spinach, Shaoxing spinach, and Taiwan breeze spinach.
2, land preparation and land preparation
Summer spinach planting should choose irrigation and drainage to facilitate the plot of less disease, the pH is about 6.5 is appropriate, if the soil is acidic, can be applied lime in the ground, can reduce the acidity, deep into the fine, made sorghum or flat.
3, fertilization
Spinach uses fresh stems and leaves as food supplies. They are all vegetative organs. Therefore, it is necessary to use nitrogen fertilizer in fertilization, and appropriate phosphorus and potassium fertilizer. Generally, 2000 kg of high-quality farmyard manure per acre is applied, and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are combined. Fertilizer 30-40 kg.
4, sowing
(1) Sowing date and sowing amount: Spinach can be planted in summer in June and July, and the dosage is about 10 kg per mu.
(2) Seed treatment: Before treatment, it is necessary to carry out chemical treatment and low temperature germination, which can prevent blight and ensure good germination rate. The method is to first treat the seeds with the captan WP or the 600 times solution, and then the seeds. Soaking in cold water for 10-24 hours, and then germination in 15-20 °C environment, usually takes 3-4 days, when the seeds are white, the best seeding.
(3) Seeding method: It is best to sow in the evening, using the wet method of first watering and then sowing. The general distance is 15-20 cm. It should be properly diluted, and 30-40 normal seeds per m. The plants are too dense and the leaves are thin and thin, which affects the quality. After sowing, it is necessary to cover the soil and suppress it, and cover the straw or wheat straw to reduce the ground temperature to maintain moisture, prevent soil cracking and cracking, and remove the covering when 70% of the seedlings are 2-4 days after sowing.
5, management
(1) Shading: When planting summer spinach, it should be built with a sunshade, covering the shade net, using it to cover the strong light, lowering the temperature, preventing the rain, avoiding the insects, moisturizing, drought-relieving, reducing the salt-alkali anti-salt effect, for the spinach in the high temperature and rain. It is suitable for environmental conditions in summer growth. This work is the key to ensure the stable production and preservation of spinach. Generally, SZW-8 or SZW-10 series black shade nets are used, and the shading rate is about 40%. The effect is better in practical application. Note that before and after noon, when the rainstorms cover the net, early morning, evening, continuous rainy weather in time to uncover the net, the sunshade net is removed about 6 days before harvesting, so as to avoid the spinach color is too light, the quality is not good.
(2) Watering: After emergence, it is best to use watering method to water the water to reduce the temperature and ground temperature. Avoid flooding and water formation. When spraying, it needs small water to be poured, and the water flow should be slow.
(3) Anti-grass: The grass can be combined with cultivating, and the herbicide such as butachlor can also be used for soil treatment to ensure the normal growth and harvest of spinach.
(4) Topdressing: Summer spinach topdressing should be a small number of times, mainly based on nitrogen fertilizer, appropriate combination of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, each time with urea 5-10 kg.
(5) Disease prevention: Spinach is the most common in summer, and the most serious is the blight. The planting sites in Linyi District often occur. The control methods are combined with the land preparation before planting, specifically: 15 days before sowing. Left and right, use 30 liters of chloropicrin per acre to apply a hole at a distance of 30 cm into the soil, then cover the ground with a mulch film, remove the mulch after 1 week, and then 2 times to remove the residual gas to prevent the drug. Harm, and then fertilize the soil to do the sputum; also use the transplanting spirit, after fertilizing the soil, according to the dose of 1 gram per square meter, the water is evenly sprayed on the ground and the ditch after ditching, the production proves better. .
6, harvest
About 30 days after sowing, the plant can grow to about 20 cm, and it can be harvested. If the roots can be washed, the water is properly dried and bagged for sale, and the preservation effect is better and the economic benefits are better.
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