Subsidiary feed processing

The nutritional value of the raw material feed is very high, but in order to improve the palatability and digestibility, some processing measures are taken before feeding in order to make full use of the sub-real feed. Because the seed coat, glumes, internal starch granule structure and some of the sub-plots contain inhibitory substances (such as anti-trypsin, etc.), it will affect the digestion and absorption of nutrients in the fruit.

Grind or crush

Whole grain feeds reduce digestibility. Shredding is a commonly used method. Crushing can improve the digestibility and utilization of livestock. However, the size of the smashing varies depending on the species of livestock, 1 mm for pigs, 1 mm to 2 mm for cattle and sheep, and 2 mm to 4 mm for horses, and birds can be crushed. Since the crushed sub-solid feed is more susceptible to moisture absorption due to its increased contact with the outside, it is necessary to strengthen management.

Flattened

16% water was added to the sub-patch, warmed to 120°C by hot steam, and then pressed into pellets. After cooling, a variety of additives were added to form the flattened feed. The sub-crop processed by this method improves the digestibility and energy utilization rate, and has complete nutrition and good palatability. It can also be used alone for feeding livestock.

Heat treatment

Heat treatment can improve the digestibility and energy efficiency of the feed, but the increase is related to the heating method, temperature, time, and feed characteristics. Here are some of the heat processing methods.

Cooking: Beans diet contains substances that inhibit trypsin and affect the digestion of proteins. In addition, legume feed also contains bean flavor, affecting palatability. Heat treatment can improve the characteristics and palatability of soybeans, but the heating time should not be too long. The temperature of 130°C cannot exceed 20 minutes.

Microwave heat treatment: This method uses infrared radiation (dry heat treatment) with a wavelength of 4 μm to 6 μm to increase the digestibility of feed, the growth rate of livestock, and the conversion rate of feed.

Biological modulation

Saccharification: Saccharification is the use of cereal grains and the role of amylase in malt to convert the starch in the feed to maltose, thereby improving the palatability of the feed. 2.5 times the water was added to the ground smut feed, and the mixture was stirred at a temperature of 55° C. to 60° C. After 4 hours, the sugar content in the feed increased to 8% to 12%. If 2% malt is added, saccharification is faster.

Germination: The germination of the fruit is due to the action of the enzyme, which converts the starch in the seed into sugar and produces carotene and other vitamins. The purpose of seed germination is to supplement the lack of vitamins in the feed. When the seed begins to germinate, it first consumes carbohydrates due to increased respiration, and the proteins stored in the embryos are converted into amino acids. During this process, a variety of beneficial enzymes and vitamins such as carotene, vitamin E, vitamin C, and vitamin B2 are greatly increased.

Modulation method Prepare germinated barley soaked in fresh water of 15°C～16°C for 1 day, then pour out the water, put the seeds in pots or other containers, cover with a damp cloth and keep the temperature at 15°C. After 3 days, roots should be removed, rinsed with fresh water, transferred to a germination dish, and kept at room temperature of 15°C to 20°C. After 6 days to 8 days, the length of the shoots can reach 6 cm to 8 cm and the animals can be chopped. The amount of germination feed: 20 to 25 grams of sows, 250 grams of pregnant sows, 1,000 grams of pregnant cows, 700 grams to 1,000 grams of pregnant mares, 1,000 grams of bulls, 3 grams to 4 grams of chicks.

Fermentation: Fermentation of sub-study feeds is to increase the vitamin B and other enzymes, alcohol and other aromatic irritant substances in the feed through the action of microorganisms, thereby improving feed palatability and nutritional value, and stimulating the improvement of livestock production performance and reproductive capacity. Subsoil fermentation microorganisms generally use yeast, so the raw material requirements are rich in carbohydrates, beans should not be fermented.

The fermentation method is: 0.5 kg to 1.0 kg of yeast added per 100 kg of crushed seeds. First dilute the yeast with warm water, pour in 100 kg of feed while stirring in warm water of 150 kg to 200 kg (30°C to 40°C), and then mix it once every 30 minutes. Fermentation is completed after 6 hours to 9 hours. . The thickness of the feed in the fermentation tank is preferably 30 cm, the temperature is 20°C to 27°C, and good ventilation conditions are required.

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