What to pay attention to during the seedling period of autumn vegetables and greenhouse melons and vegetables
At present, it is the period of autumn vegetable planting and greenhouse melons and vegetables seedlings. Choosing the correct seeding period and preventing insects, sun protection and rainstorm during the seedling period are very key issues. Attention should be paid to the following items during the sowing and seedling period of autumn vegetables and greenhouse melons and vegetables:
1. Choose the best sowing date
It is very important to choose the sowing date for the seedlings of melons and vegetables and the sowing of autumn vegetables. The sowing period should not only be conducive to the normal emergence of crops and ensure high yield, but also avoid and prevent pests and diseases at the seedling stage in order to lay a good foundation for the high yield of the entire season.
1. Selection of the sowing date of autumn vegetables (take Chinese cabbage as an example)
Autumn vegetables, mainly Chinese cabbage, belong to the main varieties of plateau summer vegetables that prefer warm and humid climate conditions, and are also the main vegetables for urban winter and spring off-season. Years of practice has proved that choosing the right sowing date is a very important basis for ensuring the whole seedling and ensuring high yield. In general, if Chinese cabbage is sown too early, the seedlings will not emerge at high temperatures, and the root system will be injured. It is easy to cause serious virus diseases, soft rot and downy mildew; but too late sowing, due to the faster fall in autumn, it will cause irritation. In fact, the quality of production has declined. After years of investigation and experimentation, the sowing date of Chinese cabbage should generally be 7-10 days before the beginning of autumn in the central Pingchuan area. In a slightly remote and cold area, the sowing date can be advanced to 10 days to half a month or 20 days before the beginning of autumn. day. The Chinese cabbage grown in this way can generally achieve lighter disease, firm core and good quality.
2. Selection of the sowing period of melons and vegetables in greenhouse
The eggplant and pepper seedlings grown in the greenhouse are currently a major crop of overwintering. The seedlings are long and must be grafted to raise seedlings, so the sowing period should be appropriately advanced. Eggplants should be grown at the end of June, and the seedlings should be 40-50 days old after grafting. Pepper seedlings should be cultivated in mid-to-late July, and the seedling age is around January; tomatoes should be cultivated from mid-to-late July to early August; cucumbers and gourds should be cultivated around September 20th, and the seedlings are bred like this After transplanting, the temperature and humidity are more suitable, and it can also avoid the damage of diseases.
2. Problems that should be paid attention to in nursery
The current seedling raising is in the high temperature season, and it is also a season for high incidence of aphids, Liriomyza, whitefly and other pests. In addition to ensuring normal seedling growth during the nursery period, the seedlings should also be free of insects, which is very important to ensure safe production in the greenhouse. Specifically, the current seedling cultivation should be "pouring foot water to lower ground temperature, preventing insects, sun protection, and rainstorm". The first thing you encounter when raising seedlings in the hot season is that the ground temperature is high, which can easily burn the roots of the seedlings and cause pathogen infection. Therefore, it is necessary to pour foot water to lower the ground temperature before planting; currently it is the rainy season, and heavy rain is often encountered. The nursery bed should be covered with rain sheds to prevent rainstorms and sun exposure; the main pests that damage the seedlings, such as aphids, Whitefly, Liriomyza, etc. will appear diapause during the hot season and will be transferred to the nursery shed to avoid the high temperature. Therefore, the nursery shed should do a good job in preventing pests while doing the above facilities to ensure that the seedlings are not carried. Insects, the following aspects should be done specifically:
1. Thoroughly remove weeds around the seedbed and eliminate pests on other crops;
2. The nursery bed should be covered with an insect-proof net or pull an insect-proof net at the vent;
3. Set up yellow boards in the seedbed to trap and kill aphids, whitefly and Liriomyza;
4. Silver-gray plastic film can also be set at the mouth of the shed, or silver-gray mulch film can be used to avoid aphids.
As long as the above points are done to ensure that the seedlings in the nursery bed are free of insects, the spread of pests with the melon and vegetable seedlings to the greenhouse can be greatly reduced, and the workload of later prevention and control can be greatly reduced.
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