Diagnosis and Treatment of Duck Aphis schistosomiasis
On July 2, 2004, our poultry disease diagnosis and treatment center received a diagnosis and treatment of a 3-month-old duck characterized by caecal necrosis, hemorrhage, and diarrhea. The clinical examination revealed that there were pale red parasites in the rectum and it was suspected as trematodes. After being sent to the laboratory, it was diagnosed as schistosoma japonicum by etiological examination. The treatment is now reported as follows.
1 Incidence and clinical symptoms
A duck farmer in Anxin County reared a group of 1,500 ducks and ducks. Hewn huts were planted on river banks and began to develop at 60 days of age. They were treated with drugs such as norfloxacin, gentamycin, and penicillin at the time of onset, with little success. Ducks have a loss of appetite, slow growth, soft feet, and some can not stand, scrofula; diarrhea, pull white and red loose stools, cloaca around the feathers have many sticky feces. Ducks continue to die.
2 pathological changes
Severe dehydration of the duck body, weight loss, liver congestion, gallbladder swell; hemorrhagic enteritis, intestinal cavity filled with catarrhal mucus, and some dark brown embolism in the jejunum, intestinal wall thinning, cecal enlargement, hemorrhage, necrosis, Cut open the cecum, visible content was dark brown, odor, sticky, containing gas. The necropsy ducks were found in the cecum and rectum with pink leaf-like worms. One end of the worm body was buried in the intestinal mucosa, and there was an ulcer in the adsorption site. Scrape the scraped worms with a little force with a pair of scissors. Can be perverted. No other organs had visible lesions.
3 laboratory diagnosis
The feces and mucus attached to the surface of the parasites were first washed with physiological saline and then microscopically examined by glycerol tablets. The body is long leafy, about 7.6~12.6mm long and 1.26~1.6mm wide. It has a small spine on its surface; the head of the body has a crown, and there are 35 to 37 cephalospins on the crown. There are 5 ventral spines on each side; the front of the body has mouth suckers, smaller than the abdominal suckers; the testicles are oval, arranged behind the ovary, the ovary is circular in the middle of the worm body, the uterus is bent in front of the ovary, full of Eggs, yolk glands distributed on both sides of the abdomen sucker, extending to the back of the parasite, do not extend to the center of the parasite behind the testis. Based on this, it was determined that the worm is a trematode of the genus Acridionidae, Trichomonas, Acanthoidea, and Echinochloa, and the diagnosis of diseased ducks is caused by trematodes.
4 treatment
Albendazole was fed with 80 mg/kg of body weight.
5 Cause Analysis
The development of Echinochorhiza species generally requires two intermediate hosts: the first intermediate host is freshwater snails, and the second intermediate host is freshwater snails, frogs, and freshwater fish. Eggs are excreted into the body with the excrement of the final host, and the fronds are hatched in water at a suitable temperature of about 30°C for 7 to 10 days. Flounder swims in the water and encounters suitable freshwater snails, that is, it penetrates into the body and takes off the cilia and develops into pods, which then develop into the mother thunderbolt, the thunderbolt, and the cercariae. Under appropriate external temperature conditions, the cercariae escapes from the screw body and swims in the water. When encountering the second intermediate host freshwater snails, cockroaches and fish, they invade their bodies and become capsular ridges. The terminal host ingested the second intermediate host containing the capsular larvae and was infected. It developed into an adult in about 20 days in the livestock and poultry. Due to the parasite's mechanical irritation and toxins in the intestine, the worms have a strong pathogenic effect on ducks, and eventually died of severe systemic poisoning.
6 Discussion
There are many kinds of aphid flukes, terminal hosts are also more extensive, and they can parasitize poultry, wild birds, mammals and so on. The disease is widely distributed in the area south of the Yangtze River. Hebei has reported relatively little about this disease. This disease occurs in ducks because the ducks ingested a second intermediate host with capsular ridges, such as warts and snails. The snails and cockroaches are symbiotic with aquatic plants. Duck infections are mainly due to feed on duckweed or aquatic grass feed. Therefore, once the disease is diagnosed, stocking should be stopped and the insects should be dewormed immediately. The non-flowing water source has a large host content, a high content of infectious cysticercosis, and strong invasiveness, so it is necessary to grazing and establish a water sports ground in a flowing water source environment. Prevention of schistosomiasis is a comprehensive measure: (1) Planned deworming should be carried out on grazing ducks, which takes about 16 to 22 days depending on the development of the capsular larvae in the duck body to a mature parasite. Requires an insect repellent at intervals of 20 days; (2) Frequent removal of feces from duck houses and sports grounds, accumulation and fermentation to destroy eggs.
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