Seven kinds of cotton to increase technical transformation
In recent years, the traditional cultivation technology system of cotton has not been adapted to the changing climate, which has obviously affected the improvement of the benefits of cotton planting. It is suggested that in the future, the promotion of cotton production technology in Xingtai City should focus on the implementation of cultivation technology innovations for mid-season droughts and late-stage spades, and to avoid risks. Should focus on the following seven technical improvements.
First, select high-yield and disease-resistant varieties in the main cotton-producing areas, should pay attention to promote good high yield, disease resistance, comprehensive traits of good late-maturing varieties, in particular, should pay attention to the promotion of early growth and stability, outstanding disease resistance, after the force Stronger varieties. According to the comprehensive appraisal of the currently promoted varieties in production, the recommended cotton varieties suitable for Xingtai City include: 冀 cotton 616, 冀 cotton 958, 邯 cotton 802, LU cotton 28, ZHONG cotton 60, Nongda cotton 8 and Zhongmian cotton 2 Wait.
Second, the scientific formula, balanced fertilization For Xingtai City cotton field soil texture, fertility and water conditions vary greatly, we must vigorously promote the next year deep plowing, increase organic fertilizer and other measures. The principle of cotton fertilization technology is: nitrogen and phosphorus, potassium supplement, reapply base fertilizer. The scientific formula fertilization that highlights the middle and high yield cotton fields should be applied. Mushroom pure nitrogen 12 to 15 kilograms, phosphorus pentoxide 6 to 8 kilograms, potassium oxide 5 to 7 kilograms, zinc sulfate 2 kilograms. Nitrogen fertilizer application 50% ~ 60%, early flowering topdressing 40% ~ 50%. Phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer and zinc fertilizer are all applied.
Third, changing the early sowing to late sowing early sowing of cotton is the main factor leading to premature aging of cotton and bad bells in the later period, and prone to disease. For this reason, it is advisable to postpone the sowing time of mulch cotton. The normal years are suitable from April 20 to April 30, and the latest is not to exceed May 5. The practice of reversing the sowing date is gradually reversed. Late sowing of cotton fields pay attention to timely release and release of seedlings to prevent high temperature roasted seedlings.
Fourth, to expand the row spacing, the rational density of dense planting to determine the combination of climatic conditions, soil fertility, cotton varieties characteristics and cultivation and management of flexible control. In order to avoid the risk of late spades falling bell, the current small row spacing, large density, wide row spacing and medium density planting should be changed to improve the ventilation and light transmission conditions in the field. According to meteorological forecasts, frequent occurrence of extreme weather will tend to normalize. High fertility cotton field and large plant type density 3500-4000 per mu, fertility generally cotton field and compact variety density 3800-5000 per mu, small row spacing 40-50 cm, large row spacing 80-90 cm, plant spacing 22-28 cm .
Fifth, do a good job in the key period of fertilizer management Although drought-resistant cotton crops, but due to the growth and development needs of the peak period and the different characteristics of the rainy season, fertilizer and water application time has become the key to determine cotton production. From the bud to the early flowering stage, it is the period of vegetative growth and reproductive growth of cotton. During this period of nine decades of drought, the soil moisture under the membrane tends to fall into the critical period, and the management of fertilizer and water is not timely, which can easily lead to premature aging. Therefore, the general year should focus on the management of water and fertilizer in the critical period of cotton budding to early flowering period. Insufficient nitrogen fertilization or sandy loam soil cotton fields should be used to recover 10 to 15 kilograms of urea per mu to ensure the formation of high-yield shelves.
Six, to change the cotton cover film for the timely removal of plastic film covering the increase in production at the same time will make the cotton growth period, cotton roots shallow, easy to cause premature aging. According to Xingtai City's practice of popularizing cotton mulch film for nearly 30 years, this technology needs continuous improvement. It is recommended that the mulch be stripped or broken after the cotton buds out, which will help regulate cotton growth and use natural rainfall to prevent premature aging.
7. Comprehensive prevention and control of pests and diseases After the popularization of insect-resistant cotton, the occurrence and damage laws of cotton pests and diseases have undergone great changes. The major pests and diseases causing cotton production are cotton wilt, verticillium wilt, cotton bollworm and aphid. , blind and so on. To this end, it is recommended that: First, in the heavily reclaimed cotton areas, the focus should be on the promotion of cultivars such as Qinmian 616 and Suimian 958, as well as other high-tech disease-resistant measures. The second is to attach great importance to the prevention and treatment of cotton blindness and obstruction, and guide the farmers to observe from the budding stage and conduct timely prevention and control according to the occurrence situation. The third is to promote the spraying of pesticides for the prevention of bollworm disease at the beginning of August to prevent the rot disease.
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