"Small Problems" in Broiler Breeding (1)

**Chicken Selection** When raising broilers, it's crucial not to focus solely on the price of chicks but to prioritize their quality. The health and genetic potential of the chicks directly impact the success of the entire broiler operation. High-quality chicks are more resilient, grow faster, and contribute to better economic returns for the farm. Therefore, it's essential to source chicks from reputable hatcheries that maintain strict hygiene and disease-free standards. During selection, avoid chicks with omphalitis (navel infections), white spot disease, or any signs of weakness. Removing these unhealthy birds early on ensures a stronger and more uniform flock. **Feeding Methods** Many farmers still use traditional ground-level housing, which can lead to various health issues. This method makes it harder to control diseases like E. coli and coccidiosis, as the chickens come into direct contact with waste and pathogens. In contrast, using raised systems—such as wire flooring or plastic netting—offers several advantages. These methods reduce litter usage, lower the risk of intestinal diseases, and make it easier to manage the environment. Additionally, elevated housing helps reduce stress and promotes even growth among the flock. For optimal results, it’s recommended to adopt online or scaffold-based raising techniques. **Heating Methods** Coal heating is commonly used in rural chicken farms, but it comes with serious drawbacks. Burning coal consumes oxygen and releases harmful gases such as carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, and hydrogen sulfide, which can severely affect air quality inside the barn. Poor ventilation combined with this type of heating can lead to respiratory problems in chickens. To avoid these risks, it's better to use alternative heating sources like fire pits, electric heaters, or hot stoves. These options provide more stable and safer conditions for the birds. **Ventilation** Proper ventilation is just as important as insulation during the early stages of brooding. High temperatures can cause dry, dusty air, increasing the risk of respiratory diseases like bronchitis and pneumonia. To improve air quality, ensure there are skylights or vents positioned about 60 cm above the roof. This allows harmful gases like ammonia to escape while preventing outside contaminants from entering. A well-designed ventilation system should include doors, windows, and skylights that work together to create a continuous airflow. As the chickens grow, continue to balance heat retention with proper ventilation, especially during cold weather or when temperature fluctuations occur. **Humidity Control** Maintaining the right humidity level is vital during the brooding period. High temperatures often lead to low humidity, causing dry air that irritates the respiratory tract of young chicks. This weakens their immunity and increases the risk of bacterial infections. It also causes dehydration, reduced appetite, and poor growth. The ideal relative humidity in the brooder should be between 60% and 70%. If the humidity drops below 40%, you can increase it by misting the floor, using a water basin near the heat source, or spraying the air. Conversely, if it exceeds 80%, it can promote mold and disease, so monitoring and adjusting humidity regularly is essential. **Selection and Breeding Practices** Proper selection and group rearing are key to maintaining a healthy and productive flock. The first selection should happen immediately after the chicks arrive, separating the weak or small ones for special care. The rest should be culled to ensure only the strongest birds remain. A second selection is recommended at 6–8 days of age, especially after vaccination, to isolate slow-growing chicks. Group rearing by sex is also beneficial. Male and female broilers have different growth rates and nutritional needs. Males tend to grow faster, while females may reach maturity earlier. By separating them, you can tailor feed rations accordingly, improving efficiency and overall productivity. This practice also helps in planning slaughter times based on market demands, maximizing profits.

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