Snapdragon

【Overview】 Snapdragon, also known as the leading flower, is a plant of the genus Scrophulariaceae. Snapdragon flowers are unique in flower shape, rich in rich colors, and long flowering time. They are the most common herbaceous flowers in gardens. Internationally, it is widely used in potted plants, flower beds, window sills, planting troughs and indoor landscape arrangements. In recent years, it has also been used for cut flower viewing. Therefore, there has been rapid progress in the improvement of the species of snapdragon, of which the U.S. has developed the fastest, and so far as there are dwarf species, semi-dwarf species, and high culm species, there are also super dwarf species with a height of 10 cm. There are many tetraploid species. Recently, new varieties of azaleas and butterflies have been selected. Goldsmiths seed company in the United States is the most successful in the breeding of snapdragon.

In the production of snapdragon, mainly in Europe, Denmark, Sweden, Norway, the Netherlands, Belgium and other countries mainly potted plants and flower beds, cut flowers production. In Japan, potted plants are mainly produced, and cut flowers are produced in small quantities.

The cultivation of snapdragon from China began in the 1930s and was mainly used for potted plants, flower beds, and flower arrangements. After the founding of New China, although it developed rapidly, it was mainly arranged in the flower beds and flower gardens of the park. The varieties were aging and the colors were single. After the 1980s, dwarf species were introduced and widely used in potted plants and flower beds.

【Morphological characteristics and varieties】 Snapdragon is a perennial herb, often used as a one-and-two-year-old flower cultivation. Plant height 20 to 70 cm, leaves oblong lanceolate. Racemes, corolla tube-shaped lip, base swollen into saccate, upper lip erect, 2-lobed, lower lip 3-lobed, outside curved, white, pink, dark red, flesh-colored, dark yellow, pale yellow, yellow-orange, etc. color. The common species are Floral Showers series, tetraploid species, plant heights of 15 to 20 cm, and good branching, of which the two-color species are more attractive, and the apricot yellow/white bi-color species are the latest species. Rhythm (Chimes) series, tetraploid, plant height 15 to 20 cm, strong branching. Tahiti (Tahiti) is 20-25 cm in height and rich in color. There are 5 bi-color species. The famous purple/white and rose/white bicolor species are the earliest species of dwarf species and flowering 10 days earlier. . Sweetheart, plant height 15 cm, dwarf hybrid 1 generation, double flower, azalea pattern, rich in color. Little Darling, 30 cm in height, strong branching, azalea pattern. Bells, plant height 20-25 cm, butterfly type, red bell (Red Bells) as a new variety, very popular in the international flower market. In addition, the new species is LaBella, with a height of 45-50 cm, strong branching, beautiful flower patterns, and bright colors. Black Prince, 40-45 cm in height, brown leaves, dark red flowers. Madame Butterfly, double azalea pattern, pink, dark red, golden, yellow, rose red and other colors.

【Biological characteristics】 goldfish grassland producing Mediterranean area. More cold, not heat, like sunshine, but also resistant to half shade. The optimum temperature for growth was from September to March to 7 to 10°C, and from March to September it was 13 to 16°C. Seedlings passed vernalization at 5°C. High temperature has adverse effects on the growth and development of snapdragon. The optimum flowering temperature is 15～16°C. Some varieties have a temperature exceeding 15°C without branching and affect the plant state.

Snapdragon is more sensitive to moisture, and the basin soil must be kept moist, and the potted plants must be fully watered. However, basin soil drainage is better, can not collect water, otherwise the root system rot, stems and leaves withered wither.

Snapdragon is a hi-light herb. In sunny conditions, the plants are dwarfed, densely clumped, well-growth, highly uniform, flowering neatly, and brightly colored. Under semi-negative conditions, the plant growth is high, the inflorescences are elongated, and the flower color is lighter. The response to the length of light is not sensitive. For example, the flower rain series Snapdragon is almost insensitive to the length of sunshine.

The soil should use fertile, loose and well-drained slightly acidic sandy loam.

[Propagation method] mainly used sowing and tissue culture.

Seeding and breeding: Autumn in the south of the Yangtze River can be broadcast in autumn, with September-October as good. The sowing soil is mixed with soil of peat or humus, culture soil and fine sand, and after being sterilized by high temperature, it is put into a sowing tray. Snapdragon per gram of seeds 6300 ~ 7000, after sowing does not cover, the seeds will be light pressure that line, the germination temperature of 21 °C, after watering covered with plastic film, put a little overcast, about 7 days can germinate, avoid sunlight Exposure. After germination, seedlings were grown at a temperature of 10°C and transplanted 6 weeks after emergence.

Tissue Culture: In 1984, Pfister used young stems as explants. The sterilized explants were cut into 5 mm sections and inoculated in MS medium plus 6 mg of benzyladenine. 1 liter and indole acetic acid 0.2 mg/L, cultivate cluster buds. The clustered shoots were cut and passaged one or two times and then transferred to 1/2MS medium plus KT 0.2 mg/l and indole acetic acid 2 mg/l. To get the complete snapdragon plant.

[Cultivation and Management] Potted snapdragon is commonly used in 10 cm pots, and transplanted pots can be transplanted 6 weeks after germination. During the growing season, the temperature was kept at 16°C, and the basin soil was moist and sunny. Some dwarf species can bloom 60 to 70 days after sowing. The tall stalk and middle culm cultivars passed the topping, which promoted more branches and more flowering. To date, more growth regulators have been used to dwarf plants and regulate flowering time, and sprayed 0.05% to 0.1% longer than 10 days after topping, which has a significant dwarfing effect. Seedling spray 0.25% to 0.4% longer than the first, can be early flowering, flowers close. Spraying 0.4% to 0.8% longer than 2 to 4 times can delay flowering.

During the growing season, fertilize one time every half month, or use special fertilizer of "Fengyou" 15-15-30 potted flowers. Immediately after flowering, it was topped and fertilizers were added. The temperature was 13 to 16°C and it continued to bloom.

Snapdragon is easy to hybridize naturally, and in order to be pure, the parental plants must be isolated. Of course, many double-headed and hybrid 1 generation snapdragons can hardly receive seeds.

【Pest and disease control】 Blight occurs at the seedling stage, and can be sprayed with 65% zeocin zinc wettable powder 600 times. During the growth period, there are leaf blight and anthrax damage, which can be sprayed with 50% TB wettable powder 800 times. Insect pests are harmed by insects, sprayed with 40% omethoate EC 1000 times.

Post-harvest treatment Snapdragon dwarf and dwarf cultivars are used for potted flower cultivation. They are adorned with window sill, balcony and porch, and special varieties of heavy and azalea flowers are highly appreciated. Put the city square into pieces and compose the sights. The decoration effect is remarkable. The stalk and high stalk varieties, arranged in flower borders and adjacent to the buildings, have attractive landscape effects. Of course, it is also a good material for cutting flowers. Use it to make flower baskets or insert bottles to create an atmosphere of joy and happiness.

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