2018 rapeseed cultivation technology! How to apply green manure after rapeseed wintering
What are the cultivation techniques and precautions for rapeseed? The first choice for sowing rapeseed is to choose a good variety and choose a low-low rape variety. According to local climatic conditions, autumn or spring sowing is used. In the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, autumn sowing can grow to 10 leaves for winter, and 13 to 14 for autumn. Winter and autumn hair are the foundation of high yield. Because people do not have more time for vegetative growth after spring, they will soon twitch and flower.
Cabbage-type rapeseed varieties should be used, seedlings should be transplanted, and large seedlings of 6-7 leaves should be planted. It is necessary to reapply the fertilizer before winter, emphasizing the heavy application of the base fertilizer, paying attention to the organic fertilizer, paying attention to the application of boron fertilizer, paying attention to the prevention and treatment of sclerotinia sclerotiorum, and mainly controlling the "five measures", that is, the land is not heavy, the seeds are not contaminated, and the stalk is not returned to the field. The field does not stain the water, the leaves are not fat and shaded. With five measures, combined with chemical control, you can get better results.
In addition, there are some techniques, such as transplanting rice without ploughing after harvesting, and planting it late for early planting, which is conducive to early transplanting of saplings.
It is necessary to grasp several key supporting measures for transplanting slabs:
(1) To prevent waterlogging, one catches the wheel to change the soil, and the second grabs the appropriate field. In the middle of the rice, it is necessary to put aside the field, and in the later period, it is necessary to drain the water in a timely manner to ensure that the rapeseed is transplanted. Three catching the ditch to grow vegetables, the drainage ditch is more than the tilling vegetable fields.
(2) For comprehensive control of grass damage, chemical weeding and cultivating loose soil can be used.
(3) Planting at an appropriate time to improve the quality of transplanting. Making full use of the pre-winter light and temperature resources is an important prerequisite for the high yield of scallions and rapeseed. The temperature is closely related to the rapeseed. Postponing transplanting, production decreased.
(4) Applying with the root fertilizer, the plate is difficult to fertilize before transplanting, and it is necessary to apply the root fertilizer when planting vegetables. With the root fertilizer should be more fertilizer, and apply adequately.
(5) Prevention of premature aging, due to the tight soil structure of the tillage layer, most of the fertilizers are applied on the surface, and the sapwood rape often has early premature aging. Therefore, in the spring, it is necessary to apply heavy weighting fertilizer and see the seedlings to apply the flowering fertilizer.
In the muddy fields, the lower wetlands, and the semi-sand muddy fields, rapeseed can be transplanted. This method of increasing production is due to early planting and ensuring density. The skid is small, and the transplanted soil is pressed with fat soil, which is good for survival after planting, and quickly roots and leaves. This method is also conducive to jj} water retention, enhanced resistance to water stain early resistance. The migratory nests retain the pores of the capillary tubes that communicate with each other. The excess rainwater is easily discharged into the field from the runoff, while the lower layer of water can pass along the capillary pores to the surface layer during drought.
In addition, rapeseed and cotton can be used in the saline-alkali soil. The rapeseed and cotton double seedlings are transplanted, and the oil and cotton varieties which are more resistant to salt and alkali are selected, and the seedlings are carefully cultivated. The salt tolerance of the crops is weak at the seedling stage, and the saline-alkali soil cannot be broadcast live. The rapeseed and cotton should be seeded. Since the late-maturing variety of Brassica napus L. has a total growth period of 260 days, the mid-maturing cotton variety has a total growth period of 180 days, and the symbiosis period of the two varieties is about 80 days. Therefore, seedling transplanting must be carried out.
After the winter, the rapeseed enters the greening period, and then it is combined with watering for fertilization. As the temperature rises, the winter rape grows back from the dormant state, the roots begin to move, and the new leaves grow. When more than 50% of the whole plant's heart leaves grow 0.5-1 cm, they enter the regreening stage. How to fertilize the rapeseed during the greening period? Here is a brief introduction to the fertilization method of rapeseed.
Rapeseed
Winter rapeseed is a favorite fertilizer crop. It grows rapidly during the regreening period. It has higher requirements for water and fertilizer. In the place with irrigation conditions, it should be poured back into Qingshui in time. Combined with watering, apply appropriate amount of urea (3 kg/mu) or ammonium bicarbonate (5 -10 kg / mu). At the same time, in order to prevent the occurrence of pests and diseases, it is necessary to remove the dead leaves and leaves in the field in time, and combine shallow weeding with weeding. For the overly dense fields, the appropriate seedlings should be planted at a distance of 10-15 cm. The strong seedlings should be thin and the weak seedlings should be dense.
In the bud period, it is necessary to topdress the hydration. Winter rapeseed enters the bud stage shortly after returning to green, and the height of 2-3 cm per day is an important period for setting up a high-yield shelf. At this time, it should be combined with rainfall to apply fertilizer in time to make rapeseed grow fast and not prematurely decay. The foundation of multi-pod and high yield is laid. In the field of returning to the future, it is necessary to trace the manure and apply the ammonium fertilizer 10 kg/mu. At this time, it is not suitable to use urea. Because of its long fertilizer effect, it is easy to lead to late maturity.
The fertile land with good land and good growth, the topdressing should be applied slowly; the fertilizer in the seedling stage is insufficient, and the rapeseed with weak growth should be applied early. Less rainfall and less soil when the soil is dry. In areas where conditions permit, it should be combined with irrigation and topdressing.
How to fertilize rapeseed during the greening period
Foliar fertilizer should be sprayed in time during flowering. After 15-20 days of convulsions, rapeseed enters the flowering stage and is converted to reproductive growth. It is an important period for the formation of yield. At this time, the growth is rapid, and the demand for water and fertilizer increases sharply. Foliar spray fertilizer should be timely to meet the rapeseed. Growth and development needs to lay the foundation for high yield.
Generally, 2% urea, 0.3%-0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and 0.2% borax mixture are used to spray the leaves before the flowering period to overcome the "flowers and falsehoods", increase the flowers, increase the angle, and improve the firmness. Rate, increase the number of fruit, 1000-grain weight and oil content. Spray once every 7-10 days and spray 2-3 times continuously.
The above is the introduction of rapeseed fertilization technology, friends who plant rapeseed can refer to the above methods, combined with the actual planting situation, rational fertilization.
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