Application of Organic Fertilizer in Fruit Production
1. Organic fertilizers should be applied in conjunction with chemical fertilizers
Most of the organic fertilizers currently used in orchards are farmyard fertilizers. These fertilizers contain large amounts of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, as well as a certain amount of trace elements and biologically active substances. They not only provide complete nutrition for fruit trees, but also have long-term fertilizer effects and can be increased and updated. Soil organic matter enhances soil water retention, fertilizer retention, and fertilizer supply. However, fruit trees need balanced supply of nutrients. Although the nutrients in organic fertilizers are very rich, the proportions and contents of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium cannot fully meet the growth needs of fruit trees. Especially in the process of composting and composting of organic fertilizers, the nitrogen content will further decrease. If the single application of organic fertilizers meets the demand for nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium will be excessive and cause waste; if phosphorus and potassium are just enough for the fruit trees, Need, nitrogen fertilizer is insufficient. Therefore, the simple application of organic fertilizer can not satisfy the demand of NPK in fruit trees at the same time, and should be applied in conjunction with chemical fertilizers.
2. Unripe organic fertilizer is harmful to fruit trees
(1) Farmyard manure is mostly derived from animal manure and is rich in organic matter.
When these organic fertilizers are not cooked, their nutrient status is slow, and they cannot be directly absorbed and utilized by the roots of fruit trees. If they are applied, in the process of subsurface decomposing, they easily cause heat to cause root burns (commonly known as “burning rootsâ€). Root rot caused.
(2) The nutrient release is not synchronized with the need of tree fat
After applying organic fertilizer without decomposition in the fall, the soil temperature in autumn and winter is low, and it takes a long time for the ground to mature. In the spring of the second year, although the ground temperature is high, the northern part of the spring generally has less rain, and the applied organic fertilizer is still slow to decompose. At this time, the tree needs a lot of nutrients to supply the flowering result of the tree, and the organic fertilizer releases the fruit. Limited organic nutrition can not meet the needs of the tree. After entering the second year of summer and autumn, the speed of decomposition of organic fertilizer without decomposition was significantly accelerated in the previous year, releasing more organic nutrients that can be absorbed by the tree, resulting in accelerated growth of the tree, large number of strips, and excess nutrient growth. Poor flower bud differentiation, so that a large number of organic nutrients are wasted, and the nutrient supply to the tree is out of balance.
(3) Pests that easily provoke underground wintering
Since the organic fertilizer without decomposition contains a large amount of animal organic matter, it becomes an ideal wintering place for many fruit tree pests, and it is particularly easy to provoke all kinds of scarabs (cockroaches), peach borers, ulnar catfish, boat-shaped caterpillars, pear flowers, etc. It is extremely unfavorable to control pests in the coming year.
3. Decomposition and application of organic fertilizer stacking
When composting unprocessed organic fertilizer, the compost site should be selected on the leeward, sunny, and high-lying areas. The compost floor should be covered with agricultural membranes or cement floors. The livestock manure in the farmyard fertilizer should be crushed and the straw should be broken. Crushed in 5 cm below the rolling, and to be mixed with about 3% of the superphosphate and the soil was piled up. After stacking, smooth the surface with a spade, cover it with mud about 10 centimeters thick, or cover it with agricultural film, tightly press around, and create an oxygen-deficient environment to make it mature as soon as possible. When the color of the organic fertilizer turns from gray to purple and black, and the texture is loose and there is bad odor, it means that it has become decomposed. When applying organic fertilizer, fertilizing ditch with a width of 30-40 cm and a depth of 30-40 cm should be excavated in areas other than the vertical projection of the canopy, and the organic manure should be mixed with the appropriate amount of fertilizer (nitrogen, phosphate fertilizer) and topsoil before being put into the fertilization ditch. At the end, it is finally covered with the uncovered bottom soil, or the whole garden is spread, and after the spread, it is poured into the soil.
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