Apricot scab
Apricot scabs alias sore Zibo?
Symptoms: The bacteria mainly harmed the fruit, followed by the damage to the branches, and the damage to the leaves. The fruit was mostly on the shoulder of the fruit after the onset of the disease. The lesions were dark green round dots at the beginning of the lesion, and gradually expanded to a diameter of 2 to 3 mm. Round spot. When the fruit is colored, the lesion turns purple black or black. When the lesions are dense, they can be aggregated into slices. Because the damage is limited to the skin of the fruit and does not penetrate deep into the flesh, when the underlying tissue is wooded and the flesh continues to grow, it causes the disease to crack.
The etiological agent is Cladosporium carpophilum Thum. The characteristics and regularity of the disease are the subphylaxis of the subphylum Eucommia. The pathogenic bacteria use the hyphae to overwinter in the diseased part of the branch, and new conidia are produced from April to May in the following year, which are transmitted through wind and rain. Conidia germinate to form germ tubes and penetrate directly into the stratum corneum of the host's epidermis. The infestation of leaves is mainly from the back of the leaves. The invaded mycelium expands and colonizes the gap between the host's stratum corneum and epidermal cells. In the young fruit stage, it is not easy to invade the fruit and surface with dense hairy pathogens. Generally, the petals of the fruit after 6 weeks of shedding can be infested. The incubation period for this disease is longer, ranging from 40 to 70 days on fruit and 25 to 45 days on shoots and leaves. Due to the long incubation period and late onset, the fruit is almost harvested after the onset of the disease. Some early-maturing varieties do not fully exhibit symptoms when harvested, so the diseased fruit (fruit, technique, and leaves) of the affected year Conidia are not important for re-infestation, especially if there is less re-infestation on the fruit and re-infestation may occur on the shoot. The lesions on the branches are the major wintering sites for pathogens and the primary source of the first infestation in the second spring. 4-year-old diseased branches no longer form conidia. The occurrence of the disease in the field is generally a new conidia in April to May. The earliest time of onset of disease in fruit is in mid-May. In early June, the epidemic period of the disease is high. The onset of new shoots is slightly later than the fruit.
The occurrence of diseases is related to climate, topography, cultivation management and varieties. The most important of these is climate conditions and species. When the spring temperature reaches 10°C or more, the lesions on the branch shoots begin to form conidia, and the optimum temperature is 20 to 28°C. It is favorable for the spores to spread and germinate due to rain and moist air. Therefore, the spring and early summer rain are often excessive. In high-humidity years or regions, diseases are heavy. Similarly, low-lying terrain, shading (such as shady slopes), or densely planted orchards, are also conducive to disease. Among varieties, late-maturing varieties are more sensitive to early-maturing varieties.
Prevention and control methods The prevention and control of the disease is mainly based on chemical protection, supplemented by appropriate management.
1. To strengthen management: low-lying land, attention should be paid to trenches, remove water. Combine pruning, remove and burn lesions and reduce the source of disease. Appropriate pruning, to promote good ventilation and lightening the crown, reduce hair loss?
2. Spray protection: Spray 35% to 5 degrees lime sulfur before flowering to eradicate or reduce the overwintering bacteria source on the tip. Falling flower 2 to 4 weeks to early June, each interval of half a month spraying Baume 0.2 to 0.4 degrees stone flow mixture, or 65% 500 times. During the fruit growth period, 50% carbendazim was used for 700 times to prevent and control 3 times. After the fruit is harvested, in order to reduce the damage of the new shoot, 2 to 3 doses of the drug can be sprayed. Both thiophanate and zinc can reduce the incidence and disease index of new shoots.
3. Selection of disease-resistant varieties: In disease-endemic areas, the selection of disease-resistant varieties should be considered when setting up the park.
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