Cucumber root knot nematode

The continuous planting of facility vegetables and unreasonable fertilizer and water management lead to a sharp decline in soil biological quality and a decrease in biodiversity. This can easily lead to serious soil-borne diseases, especially root-knot nematodes, which have a great impact on the yield and quality of vegetables. Root-knot nematodes are commonly found in cucumber planting areas in greenhouses and greenhouses in China, generally resulting in a 20% to 30% reduction in yield, and even in the event of no harvest. They also easily cause other diseases and insect pests and reduce cucumber resistance, directly affecting the income of vegetable farmers. Root-knot nematode disease can also harm more than 20 kinds of vegetables such as tomato, eggplant, white radish, kidney bean, celery, cabbage, pepper and Chinese cabbage besides harming cucumber. Prevention and control of cucumber root-knot nematodes should be based on agronomic management and physical control, supplemented by chemical agents.

First, agronomic management and cultivation management 1. Select resistant or resistant nematode varieties, yellow seed pumpkin grafting seedlings. 2. Use disease-free soil to raise seedlings and apply adequately decomposed organic fertilizer or bio-organic fertilizer seedlings. 3. Cut off the nematode host and carry out rotation and leisure treatment with non-host plants. Planting corn or planting balsam pear, garland chrysanthemum, and marigold crops in April, inhibits nematodes through root exudates. 4. Cleaner production. The growth, development and reproduction of root-knot nematodes must be carried out in living hosts. The diseased plants and roots should be promptly and completely removed after harvesting. The roots should be burnt and dried or high-temperature composted to kill the eggs. 5. Reasonable water and fertilizer regulation. The relative humidity of the soil is 40% to 70%, which is conducive to the reproduction and growth of the nematode. In the early stage of the nematode activity, appropriate flooding irrigation is used to create flooding conditions to suppress nematodes. Appropriate application of organic fertilizer, chemical fertilizer NPK balance should be balanced, appropriate to supplement the trace element fertilizer, promote root development, through the root to alleviate the harm of nematodes. Anti-nematode microbial agents or bio-organic fertilizers were selected to improve the microecological balance in the rhizosphere of the soil and to avoid or inhibit root-knot nematodes.

Second, the physical control of root-knot nematode development temperature of 20 °C ~ 30 °C, lethal temperature of 55 °C, take 5 to 10 minutes. Take heat treatment such as steam or solar heat to disinfect the nematodes. In the summer season, high-temperature stuffy sheds are used in conjunction with the high temperature of straw fermentation or straw-lime nitrogen solar disinfection. Through the high-temperature fermentation of crop straw, improve the soil environment and control soil-borne diseases. According to the planting spacing, ditching, 3500-4000 kg of wheat straw or corn stalk are applied per acre, and 50 kg of ammonium bicarbonate is applied. Then the organic fertilizer such as chicken manure applied is mixed with part of the topsoil. In the groove above the straw cultured ridge, cover film, irrigation water, stuffy shed, 20 to 30 days to remove the plastic film, ready for planting. The straw-lime-nitrogen solar energy treatment is carried out in the fall of the leisure season in early July. It is applied to the soil in a quantity of 60 kg/mu of lime nitrogen and 600 kg/mu of straw, and the trench is ridiculed. After sealing the surface with a plastic film, sub-film irrigation is performed. The water is poured until the submerged earth ridge is immersed, and then the greenhouse is sealed for a boring shed. The shed is kept for 15 to 20 days, and the film is released a week before the planting. After straw-lime nitrogen treatment, the time for urea topdressing was postponed by about one week, and the topdressing amount was reduced by 5% to 10%, so as to exert synergistic fertilizer effect of lime nitrogen and urea.

Third, the chemical control of chemical agents on melon vegetables will produce phytotoxicity, only the occurrence of serious insects when nematodes in order to ensure the production of pollution-free cucumber. After application, the soil must be covered and replanted. The roots of the seed or crop cannot be directly contacted with the drug. The commonly used pharmaceuticals are blessings, avermectin and Weibaimu, etc. The specific usage is as follows: 1.1.5% thiazole phosphine granules (blessing more) has the dual role of contact and absorption, 1.5 to 2 kg per mu, mix fine 40 to 50 kilograms of soil, sprinkled on the surface of the soil, turning soil 20 centimeters. 2.1.8% of abamectin EC, antibiotic broad-spectrum insecticide, 1 to 1.5 ml/m2, dilute 2000 to 3000 times, fully spray the soil surface, turn in 10 to 20 cm, and water After the ditch Shi or points Shi. 3.35% of Weibaimu water agent (line grams) is a low-toxic bactericide. About 20 days before planting, the soil temperature is higher than 15°C and the ditch is opened. 4 to 5 kg per mu, 400 to 500 kg of water, sprayed in the ditch, smashed and covered, 15 days later, the membrane was uncovered. 2 to 3 days after colonization.

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