Protection of natural enemy pests in wheat field
Wheat is the main wintering crop in our county. It has a long growing period and many kinds of pests. The occurrence of wheat stubble is widespread and the damage is serious. Wheat spiders are also widespread and serious. There are 5 species of aphids that are responsible for the damage of wheat, and they are mainly scorpion tuber, wheat tuber tuber, and birch taper tuber. The protection and utilization of natural natural enemies is an important measure for the control of pests. There are many types of natural enemies in wheat fields, which constitute a huge beneficial biological community. According to the composition of natural enemies, the main types of natural enemies for protection and utilization are ladybugs, flies, and flies. Dragonfly bees and spiders. The rational use of natural enemies for the prevention and control of wheat field pests can reduce the use of chemical agents and apply scientific medicine.
First, optimize the wheat planting structure and create an ecological environment conducive to the proliferation of natural enemies
Optimizing the planting structure of wheat fields, rationally arranging field crops, intercropping, planting and trapping plants, diversifying the cultivation of field crops, and increasing the biodiversity index of the biological community can not only facilitate the proliferation of natural enemies, but also promote the ecological balance of wheat fields, and it is also a natural enemy. Safely transferred to spring sowing crop fields to create favorable conditions.
1. Reasonable distribution of overwintering crops Winter wheat and rapeseed sowing areas can be planted in strips of wheat and rapeseed fields, or planted in strips of wheat and rapeseed fields. The radiation efficiency of natural enemies in rapeseed fields is large, and natural enemies can be turned into wheat fields and pests can be controlled. . The relevant experiments showed that the ratio of rapeseed field to pure wheat field is considered to be 1:1. In purely rapeseed field, since the total amount of natural enemies per unit area is greater than that of rapeseed collection, the area of ​​irradiated wheat can be appropriately expanded.
2. Planting rapeseed traps to plant cold-tolerant mustard-type rapeseed on the backs of wheat field crops, planting seeds before and after the autumnal equinox, planting about 667 g at about 50 g, and rapeseed and wheat rows at 1:9-12, with a hole spacing of about 25 cm and 2-3 leaf periods. Seedlings, 4-5 leaf stage Dingmiao, left 2-3 seedlings per mound, a total of about 2800 seedlings left. Excessive density not only affects the yield of rape, but also affects the yield of wheat. Too little seedlings of rapeseed can also affect the trapping ability of natural enemies. It can usually be harvested about one week before wheat harvest. After harvesting, it is best to dry in the field for 1-2 days so that natural enemies are left in the field to avoid damage to natural enemies. In addition, interplanting wheat and green manure crops can also trap the world.
Second, adjust agricultural activities, protect natural enemy source
The natural enemy insect source is the basis of the amount of occurrence in the current year, and taking measures to preserve the early insect source of the wheat field has a very important role in the early formation of natural enemy communities. Yantai survey data over the years shows that the overwintering period of seven-spotted adult ladybugs, eggs and early-stage larvae is generally in mid-April. Due to the low temperature at this stage, adults will mostly lay eggs under the back-to-earth crops of wheat fields or wheat plants. In the rhizosphere, each morning and evening or in the cold current, the adult lurks under the clods or wheat roots. This period coincides with a crucial period for the management of wheat and jointing. Watering and topdressing, especially flood irrigation, can kill and injure ladybugs in large numbers, thereby reducing the population in late wheat crops. To solve this contradiction, under the premise of not affecting the high yield of wheat, watering can be advanced or delayed, and fertilizers can be used to avoid the scoop eggs and the younger stage of larvae. According to Wendeng's investigation, about 30% of ladybird damage can be reduced. If you really need watering and topdressing, you can choose sunny day without wind and mild weather, so that adult ladybugs escape from the potential sites to reduce killing.
3. Relaxation of pest control indicators, control of pesticide application area, and expansion of natural enemy protection areas
The large-scale application of chemical pesticides is an important reason for the natural enemies to wilt and destroy ecological balance. Relaxation of pest control indicators is one of the important measures to reduce the number of medications and expand the protection and utilization of natural enemies. The pest control indicators formulated by our province are: 30 heads per square meter in high-yield and high-yield wheat fields, 20 heads per square meter in high-yield wheat fields, and more than 10 heads per square meter in wheat fields; wheat red spiders have a length of 200 heads per 33.3 cm In the wheat flowering and grain filling period, 500-600 heads of Baisui are weighed, and 800 heads can be relaxed in the late stage of grouting; larvae are 1-2 heads of large larvae per square meter in the sowing period of wheat, and 5 heads per square meter of small larvae. The natural enemies use indicators: adult insects, larvae, and ash of the seven-spotted ladybirds, larvae of the black-skin beetles and wheat stubble ratios of 1:80–100; and parasitoid rates of 30% or more of the bees could not be applied or applied slowly.
IV. Coordinating the contradiction between biological control and chemical prevention, scientific drug use
In the practice of wheat pest control, there are three major contradictions between chemical pest management and the protection and use of natural enemies: the first is the contradiction between the prevention and control of soil pests and the treatment of earthworms in the autumn seedlings of wheat, and the reduction of the number of natural enemies; The prevention and control of wheat spider mites, wheat leaf beetles and natural enemy insects in the early stage of killing in spring affect the contradiction of establishing populations. The third is the contradiction between the control of the first and second generations of the armyworm and the natural enemies in the wheat ear stage, which affects the natural control effect. Practice has proved that harmonizing these three major contradictions is the key to protecting the use of natural enemies.
1. Autumn sowing seed treatment of wheat, pest control and disease prevention, reducing the seedling stage application of autumn seedling period is the period of ladybugs, dragonflies, and farm spiders, compressing the area of ​​the ground in the autumn seedling stage, and adopting the internal absorption conductive agent to mix The protection of natural enemies for safe wintering is an important period for early formation of natural enemies in the spring and the control of pests. In the plots of soil pests such as earthworms and earthworms, 50% phoxim emulsions can be used, and seed dressings can be used at 0.1% to 0.2%, 25% seed coating can also be used, and 2% of seeds can be coated to prevent pests and diseases. , Can also treat underground pests, to avoid direct contact with natural enemies, to make it safe winter.
2. The booting period of wheat jointing is the single or mixed plot of wheat spider mites and wheat leaf bees during their occurrence period. The prevention and control should be taken into consideration. The use of 50% phoxim emulsion as 1:800—1000 times of arsenopyrite, Spray 40-50kg per 667, combined with vibration, the test proved that 3 days control effect of 70% -80%, 5 days control effect of more than 90%, in the wheat spider serious land, can be combined with watering, Vibrate in the mud.
3. The wheat ear stage is the interlace stage of the pests such as wheat aphid and one and two generations of stick insects, and it is also a key period of production guarantee. It is extremely important to coordinate the prevention and control of this stage.
(1) Selection of pesticide species In areas where it is necessary to control the armyworm, diflubenzuron or diflubenzuron may be used for prevention and control. According to tests and demonstrations, every 2% of diflubenzuron 1g, 10g, or 25% diflubenzuron 3rd, 20-30g, and 50kg of water, will be sprayed once every 667m, and the effect of control will be 90. %the above. After spraying, this kind of medicament is resistant to rain erosion, and the residual effect period is as long as 20 days. Once application, it can control the second generation of stick insects in wheat seedling stage. And there are no obvious killing effects on many kinds of natural enemies such as ladybugs and pupas. In the wheat ear stage, many locusts, few natural enemies, and the proportion of beneficial and detrimental, can be used 50% anti-influx, every 667 to 8-10g, 50kg of water spray, 24 hours after the control effect of wheat aphids up to 90 More than %, but also save more than 80% of natural enemies, can effectively adjust the proportion of benefits and losses, give full play to natural enemies natural control role.
(2) Improve the pesticide application method The pesticides of the same species have different effects on the natural enemies' killing effects. Generally, dusting and spraying have a greater lethality, and the preparation of arsenopyrite (soil) is more harmful to natural enemies. less. For example, 50% phoxim emulsions control one or two generations of armyworms, 800-1000 times of spraying, 95% control of the armyworm, and 100% damage to natural enemies. The use of 50% phoxim emulsion 1:800 arsenoside (soil), 30-40kg per 667, about 80% control effect on the armyworm, but can save about 40% of natural enemies.
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