Greenhouse cucumber planting technology and precautions
Cucumber is a popular vegetable with a large consumption. In the greenhouse vegetable cultivation, the cucumber area accounts for a large proportion and the production efficiency is high. In order to obtain high yields, Xiaobian introduces you to the cultivation techniques of greenhouse cucumbers and places to pay attention to.
1. Soil preparation and base fertilizer
The amount of base fertilizer can be applied 10000kg per manure, 150kg for cake fertilizer, 200kg for superphosphate, 150kg for ash, and 3kg for zinc if necessary. 2/3 should be applied to the base fertilizer, and 1/3 of the amount should be applied. After application, the fertilizer and soil are evenly mixed, and the ground is leveled. The height of the ridge should be the same, and the distance between the ridge and the ridge is about 40cm.
2, colonization
Planting should be carried out in the morning on a sunny day. When planting, you should first select and use a robust seedling, remove the nutrient mites from the seedlings, try to keep the soil intact, reduce root damage, and then plant the plant spacing on the semi-high ridge. Cm, digging pit to sit in the water (the amount of water should be more appropriate) planting, planting should not be too deep, the grafting site should be kept 1 to 2 cm away from the ground.
3, slow seedling to root melon before harvest management
Within 7 days after cucumber planting, with the decrease of outside temperature, special attention should be paid to maintaining a high temperature in the room. 28 to 30 °C during the day and 18 °C at night, and a cultivating can be carried out to reduce the seedling to the root melon. In principle, there is no need to water the water. After 7 days, when the heart leaves begin to germinate, it indicates that the seedlings are over, so as not to affect the normal growth of the stems, the grafting clips can be removed. Foliar spray application can be carried out 10 to 20 days after the slow seedling of cucumber. During the period, 2 to 3 times of cultivating are carried out on both sides of the ridge, the depth is from 15 to 10 cm, from deep to shallow, and the range is from near to far. Shallow back and deep sulcus, the purpose is to strengthen soil permeability, promote rooting, but also minimize damage. The mulch film will be laid about 10 days after the completion of the cultivating (the mulch film should not be laid too early), that is, there is no mulch film laid in the back of each 50 cm small ridge, and the mulch is used to smear from both sides of the film. In fact, the mulch and the ground form a hollow in the middle of the ridge back to facilitate dark watering under the membrane. Laying the mulch can not only improve the ground temperature, but also maintain the soil moisture. At the same time, it can control the evaporation of soil moisture into the indoor air, reduce the relative humidity of the air, and reduce the occurrence of diseases. When the length of the cucumber stems reaches about 50 centimeters and there are more than ten leaves, the nylon ropes are used to hang the vines to adjust the growth of the stems. In order to prevent the occurrence of fungal diseases such as cucumber downy mildew, gray mold, powdery mildew, etc., from the beginning of this time, every 20 days or so, use chlorothalonil and scleroside aerosols to fumigate after returning every afternoon.
4. Harvest management in the field
1 lighting management
Good light conditions can not only effectively improve the indoor temperature and temperature of the room, but also meet the temperature needs of cucumber growth and development. More importantly, it provides a strong energy guarantee for the normal operation of photosynthesis, only under the action of light. And water can be converted into photosynthetic products in the chloroplast - carbohydrates.
2 temperature and ventilation management
The temperature control of cucumber cultivation in solar greenhouse is inseparable from both ventilation and ventilation. Generally, during the harvesting period of cucumber, the temperature during the day should be kept at 25-28 °C. If the temperature exceeds 30 °C, the air volume should be increased. The night temperature should be maintained at 16-20 °C. The temperature in the first half of the night is higher than that in the middle of the night. It indicates that only 1/4 of the nutrients produced by cucumber leaves during the day are transported to the roots, stems and fruits, and 3/4 of the nutrients need to be transported at night, so appropriately increasing the temperature in the first half of the night is conducive to the transportation of leaf nutrients. Lowering the temperature in the middle of the night is beneficial to reduce the breathing intensity and reduce the nutrient respiration consumption. At the same time, the appropriate temperature difference between day and night (about 10 °C) is also very beneficial for the future flower bud differentiation of cucumber and increasing the number of effective female flowers. In addition, in the cloudy low temperature season, the temperature should be kept at the low temperature limit; on the contrary, when the outside temperature rises on a sunny day, the temperature in the daytime can be appropriately increased to about 30 °C in the case of a large soil moisture.
3 water and fertilizer management
After applying the base fertilizer, the melon is not topdressed in the early stage, and after the first melon is harvested, the water can be used for fertilizer. Every 12d, 1 time of fertilizer, 30m before the pull, no topdressing, topdressing can apply compound fertilizer, urea, 25kg per acre / time, can also be applied to the farmhouse fertilizer such as chicken manure or oil residue. Spraying foliar treasure or high-yield after 8:00 am or 3 pm can enhance the growth ability of plants and increase yield and quality.
5. Pest control
Pest control mainly includes three methods: agricultural control, physical control, and drug control. The prevention and control of pests and diseases in this project is mainly based on physical control methods, and drug control is supplemented. The physical control methods mainly include insect-proof nets and sticky insect boards. Pest control nets are installed in the vents and entrances and exits of the greenhouse to prevent pests from entering the greenhouse, and a certain number of sticky insect boards are placed in the greenhouse, and the yellow-like tendency of the pests is utilized. Pests; drug control methods are mainly based on the standard GB4285 and GB/T8321 rational use of drugs and strict control of the use of pesticides in the safe interval of pesticide application.
Cucumber has more pests and diseases. Serious pests and diseases may cause greenhouse cucumbers to be produced. Moreover, cucumbers must have stricter temperature requirements than any kind of vegetables. If you want high yield of cucumber, you must learn the above 5 planting techniques and needs. The place to pay attention.
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