Key factors affecting piglet rearing

1 Reducing Pig Weakness and Sow Health Care

1.1 Distinguish the weak

Relatively speaking, each litter has strength and weakness. The main factors are as follows: First, the birth weight is greater than 1.125 kg, which is generally strong, and vice versa. The second is piglet vitality, struggling, and ruddy skin. , For scrambled to eat colostrum, as strong, and pale skin, weak body is weak. There is information on the mortality rate of piglets from birth to weaning as high as 10% to 25%, especially the deaths before 7 days of age accounted for 65% of the deaths before weaning, indicating that piglet management is very important.

1.2 Good nutrition during pregnancy and lactation

The function of the sow's placenta is directly related to the growth and development of the fetus in the uterus. Studies have shown that the placenta efficiency is lower in the first child, and then it begins to increase. After the sixth child, it begins to decline. Therefore, it starts from the first child and from the sixth child. ,Need to supplement nutrition, delay the decline in placental function. Healthy sows not only provide sufficient nutrition for piglet growth, but also increase the anti-stress ability of the piglet. Two-thirds of the fetus’s birth weight is developed in the last 1/3 of the pregnancy, so the sow is Providing sufficient nutrition for fetal development, high fat and high protein feeds can be used as nutritional supplements for sows.

1.3 Promote scientific midwifery and reduce drug delivery

Medicinal midwifery will increase the number of weak babies. Therefore, nutrition and vitamins should be added later in pregnancy to enhance the mother's physical strength and disease resistance, increase amniotic fluid, promote uterine contraction and rapid natural delivery, in order to reduce the weak.

1.4 Weak Care

Care should be taken for the weak and intensive care. In addition to umbilical disinfection, thermal insulation, and cutting of teeth, the weak should eat colostrum as early as possible. On the first day, 10 mL of 10% glucose and 50,000 units of streptomycin are intraperitoneally injected to enhance the physical fitness. To prevent white diarrhea, gentamicin sulphate was used for bowel health care, followed by probiotics for drinking water.

2 Nutrition of weaned piglets

Piglets are generally weaned at 28 days of age. Due to different regions, some pig farms advance the age of weaning to 21 days of age. Weaning causes a series of influencing factors, and the nutrition of weaned piglets is particularly important.

2.1 Factors Affecting Weaned Piglets

The factors affecting weaned piglets include: first, environmental changes; second, group adjustments that occur as a result of feeding and management; third, changes in nutrient sources, which change the source of feed nutrients from maternal nutrient sources; and fourth, changes in the physiological characteristics of piglets and development. Fast, such as intestinal growth, surface area, and villi changes.

2.2 Nutritional needs of weaned piglets

According to the NRC criteria, dietary levels of 5 to 10 kg weaned piglets require: total lysine 1.4%, egg + cystine 0.77%, threonine 0.91%, tryptophan 0.26%, and metabolizable energy 13.86 MJ/kg.

2.3 Selection of special feed ingredients for weaned piglets

The feed requirements for piglets at this stage are: good palatability, easy digestion, high nutritional levels, and prevention of digestive diseases.

2.3.1 Carbohydrates

A large number of studies have shown that early weaned piglets require simple carbohydrates, such as lactose. Adding lactose can increase the feed intake, reduce the time the chyme passes through the digestive tract, and promote the growth of Lactobacillus in the intestine. Whey powder contains large amounts of lactose. When the proportion of whey powder added to the feed is too high, it will cause piglets to squat. Heating will cause lactose to coke and reduce the utilization of lactose. The results of Jin et al. (1998) showed that lactose or whey powder was added to the feed and the effect was similar. The effect of adding sucrose was better. While sucrose has a relatively wide range of resources in China, whey powder resources are limited.

2.3.2 Protein

2.3.2.1 Plasma protein powder Drew et al. (1990) showed that under normal feeding conditions, 2.5% spray-dried plasma powder (SDPP) increased the daily feed intake of piglets compared to the use of skimmed milk powder, and the daily intake increased significantly. Heavy increase by 24%.

2.3.2.2 The main component of intestinal membrane protein powder is hydrolyzed pig intestinal mucosa protein, rich in amino acids, a large number of oligopeptides, characterized by rapid absorption, high efficiency, its use can increase pig lipase, pancreatic amylase activity, compared with fish meal , can improve pig intestinal structure, promote nutrient absorption, and promote growth. The amount of 2.5% is added and used together with the plasma protein powder, and the effect is better.

2.3.2.3 Pr0ti0ne A mixture of animal plasma, animal serum, dry egg powder, serum albumin, and serum globulin. Adding 4% dosage can improve daily weight gain and feed conversion rate and save feed costs. In addition, some new feed additives such as probiotics, oligosaccharides, and glutamic acid have been widely used in pig production. Prebiotics are used in place of antibiotic growth promoters. There are no drug residues and drug resistance. Oligosaccharides can be With beneficial Bifidobacterium utilization, glutamate is considered a conditionally essential amino acid for weaned piglets.

3 Feeding management of nursery pigs

3.1 Do all the preparations

The conservation of piglets on large-scale pig farms adopts the all-in, all-out system, and the following work should be done in environmental and disease control.

3.1.1 Sterilization and Cleaning of Nursery Houses

The nursery should be cleaned (including facilities, appliances, electrical equipment, etc.) before being transferred, dried, and then 2% to 3% caustic soda solution was used for 2 disinfections.

3.1.2 Implementation of all-in all-out system

One is to facilitate the disinfection of sheds and maintenance of facilities, and the second is to avoid cross-infections caused by piglets entering the house at different stages, and to reduce the spread of diseases and transmission opportunities. The third is to facilitate feeding management and environmental control in pig houses.

3.1.3 House Facilities Inspection

Whether the pig bar, feed trough, incubator, drinking fountain, and dosing device can be used normally, whether the electrical circuit can operate normally and whether the doors and windows are in good condition and easy to maintain.

3.2 Scientific management, grouping and training of nursery pigs

3.2.1 Principle of grouping

The original litter and the same weight, and the special grouping and feeding in separate groups are conducive to stabilizing the pigs and reducing stress, reducing the damage caused by the pigs' fight, and are conducive to the normal growth of the pigs.

3.2.2 Training

After group transfer, the environment changes and the habit of timing fixed points changes. Therefore, the rearing staff should be responsible for rushing and guiding the piglets and adjusting the breeding habits of the piglets.

3.2.3 Keep piglets warm and warm

An infrared light bulb is placed above the lying position to ensure that the piglet stays cold for the winter.

3.3 Put the piglet feed off

Take free-feeding, observe and record regularly, add feed at the right time to ensure piglet energy and protein supply; use different formula feeds according to needs at each stage of age, steadily change the feed, and then transfer from the first feed to free feed. At the same time pay attention to feed preservation and prevent mildew. Provide sufficient water for piglets to promote normal feed intake.

3.4 Grasp the Prevention and Control of Epidemic Diseases of Nursery Pigs

At this stage, the piglets are prone to diarrhea and should be treated in a timely manner to improve the disinfection and insulation of the pig house. Routine immunizations such as foot-and-mouth disease, swine fever, and blue ear disease should be performed according to the immunization procedure. When immunizing, good weather should be taken care of. 2 hours after eating to ensure the effectiveness of the vaccine, prevention of epidemic density to 100%, prevention of cross-infection, supplementation if necessary; deworming at 35 to 40 days of age, including parasites in the body, parasites were found in feces The eggs disappeared to prevent the recurrence of environmental pollution; the effect of epidemic prevention, immunization and deworming was observed.

4 Breeding management of bred piglets

4.1 Reasonable group

The pre-group pig house cleaning and disinfection maintenance is the same as the childcare stage. The purpose of the group is to improve the uniformity of the herd and ensure the principle of “all-in, all-out”. It is best to consider that the pigs in one circle and one pig house are of similar orderliness and grouped according to breed, sex, weight, and constitution.

4.2 Positioning and Training

This stage of piglet transfer group has the same problems as nursery pigs. The training work is generally completed within 1 to 3 days after the transfer, so that the piglets form a fixed area for fixed feeding, drinking, excretion, and rest. Environmental hygiene.

4.3 Environmental Sanitation Control

Large-scale swine density, especially in winter, is mainly caused by the exhaust gas produced by the pigs causing air quality deterioration. The solution is to pay attention to ventilation and insulation, control room temperature at 22 to 28 °C, and humidity at 60% to 65%. , Ventilation in order to eliminate the harmful gases inside.

4.4 Prophylaxis

Add broad-spectrum antibiotics to feed to prevent digestive, respiratory, and nervous system diseases caused by piglets' stress due to transit and feed changes.

4.5 Sterilization and epidemic prevention

Transferring group disinfection shall be synchronized with the disinfecting of the field area, and all-around three-dimensional spray disinfection shall be carried out to prevent the occurrence of drug resistance. The disinfectant should be changed regularly. According to the immunization procedure, the injection of the vaccine should be done. Note that one pig can not be omitted.

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