Local chicken breeding techniques

1 The mountainous areas selected for site selection should be free of pollution and must be located away from residential areas, industrial and mining areas, and arterial roads. The environment is quiet and the air is clean. It is better to use a hill with a gentler slope, long shrub forest, thorny forest, broad-leaved forest and so on. There should be clean water sources such as pollution-free streams and ponds nearby. 2 Variety Selection Local high-quality native chickens in China, such as Chongren Maji, Xianju Chicken, Ningdu Yellow Chicken, Gushi Chicken, Xiaoshan Chicken, Sanhuang Chicken, Qingyuan Maji, Xinghua Chicken, etc., have small size, beautiful color, and good liveliness. Dynamic, resistant to rough feeding, strong disease resistance, suitable for stocking. Moreover, the quality of the eggs is good, the meat is delicate, and the taste is delicious and delicious, which is deeply loved by chicken farmers and consumers. 3 The size of stocking scales should be 1,500 to 2,000 feathers per group. The scale is too inconvenient to manage, and the scale is too small to be of low benefit. The stocking density is appropriate for about 200 feathers per acre of mountainous land and the “all-in/all-out” system is adopted. 4 Construction of Sheds 4.1 Shelter selection Shelters should be found in the stocking areas to be sheltered from the wind, have a relatively flat terrain, and do not accumulate water. There should be forests or orchards next to them so that the birds can cool off under shade when the sun is strong. There must be a more open area. It is best to have grass and sand to allow chickens to freely inhabit and feed. There should be water nearby. 4.2 scaffolding method General shed width of 4 to 5 meters, 7 to 9 meters long, the middle height of 1.7 to 1.8 meters, 0.8 to 0.9 meters high on both sides. The cover usually consists of 3 layers, from the inside to the outside, the first layer is covered with linoleum, the second layer is covered with straw, and the third layer is covered with a plastic film. On the both sides of the roof and one end of the roof, the film felt is pressed with sand and masonry, and an outlet is opened on the other side of the shed so as to facilitate the personnel and the chickens to enter and exit. It also facilitates ventilation and ventilation. The main bracket of the shed is fastened in four directions with iron wire to prevent the storm from rolling over the shed. In the shed, 2 to 3 storeys are used to house chickens. The number of sheds will be determined based on the number of chickens stocked. 4.3 If the grass is laid without a habitat, the floor should be covered with litter to keep it warm. The litter requires fresh, non-polluting, soft, dry, absorbent, moderate length and length, such as hay, straw, sawdust, chaff, small shavings, etc., can be mixed. The litter should be exposed before use, and moldy grass should be singled out. Laying thickness is preferably 3 to 5 cm. 5 Feeding and management of chickens 5.1 Feeding and management of chicks 5.1.1 Selection of brooding time In most regions of northern China, it is more appropriate to choose brooding in the spring (February-April), but no later than June. The chickens cultivated in spring grow fast and have a high survival rate. It is the late spring and early summer season when it enters the breeding stage. There are abundant green plants and insects, which can provide high-quality feed for the chickens. The illumination time is gradually shortened during the later period of breeding, which can prevent the chicks from opening up prematurely to ensure proper egg production conditions. Maintain a longer egg production period. The chickens raised in the spring were opened in the fall of the year, the temperature was suitable, the crops and insects were abundant, and the eggs were of good quality. Only one year after the laying of eggs, moulting was stopped in the fall of the second year, and the laying time was longer and the egg production was higher. Spring brooding reached the peak of egg production before and after the National Day, and then immediately after Mid-Autumn Festival, New Year's Day and Spring Festival, the demand increased. One year after laying eggs, the chickens can be eliminated. At this time, they meet Mid-Autumn Festival. In the two days of National Day, the selling price of live chickens is higher. 5.1.2 After drinking water and eating chickens into the brooding room in time, allow the chicks to rest for half an hour to one hour and then drink water. The water temperature is preferably about 32°C. Potassium permanganate solution was used for the first 2 days to prevent the chicks from getting rickets. After the chicks drink water, they can rapidly excrete meconium, which can promote the metabolism of chicks and stimulate appetite. After you start drinking, you can start eating and feed easily digestible and nutritious feed. At present, chickens are usually used in conjunction with pellets and can also feed chicks. Feeding should be regular, quantitative, small, and multiple meals. It is advisable to feed 15 to 20 minutes each time. 5.1.3 Suitable ambient temperature and humidity The appropriate temperature is the key to the success or failure of brooding. When the chicks hatch, the temperature in the hatchery should be 37.5°C. After the chicks are transferred from the hatchery to the brooding room, the temperature should not be too different. The suitable temperature for each stage of the chicks was 1 to 2 instars 43°C to 35°C; 3 to 7 instars 34 to 32°C; the 2nd week to 30°C to 28°C; and the 3rd week to 28°C to 6°C. The brooding period drops by 2°C per week in winter and spring, and decreases by 3°C per week in summer and autumn until 21°C. Humidity requirements: Relative humidity is 70% to 75% in the first week, and it drops to 60% in the second week, and it is kept as much as 55% to 60% after the third week. Excessive humidity is conducive to the reproduction of pathogenic microorganisms, and it is easy to induce coccidiosis; the humidity is too low, the house is dry, the chickens breathe faster, the body water is distributed with the respiratory tract, and the remaining yolk in the abdomen is poorly absorbed, which affects the development of the chicks. The water basin can be filled with water to evaporate naturally to achieve the purpose of humidification. 5.1.4 Timely groupings should be grouped in groups for the sick and the sick. Weak and sick chicks can be singled out during the first feeding in the morning. When the food is caught, weak young chicks are often squeezed out and easy to distinguish. The diseased young children should be treated in time for isolation, and the heavier ones should be eliminated immediately. It is one of the important measures to obtain good brooding effects by constantly observing chicks' mental status, appetite, activity and feces. 5.1.5 The grazing training young chicks are generally kept warm in about 5 weeks. After warming, it can be transferred to the mountains for stocking. To help the chicks develop the habit of going uphill as soon as possible, from the time they start to turn off the mountain, they will start mountain training every morning. In general, two people are required to cooperate. One person blew a whistle in front to open the way and sprinkle pellets to feed the chickens. The other one was used to drive away with bamboo rafts until they were all uphill. To intensify the effect, whistling on the mountain at noon every day, and the keeper should insist on rushing out of the chicken in advance in the shed, and control the range of flock activities until the evening and use the same method to return home. Training. Such training for 5 to 7 days, the chickens will establish a "whistle-feeding" conditioned reflex, as long as the whistle call can be. 5.1.6 Grazing grazing land in grazing land should be based on the grazing level of the management staff to decide whether to fence. Seine nets can be used 2cm2cm mesh nets, the net height of 1.5 ~ 2.0m. 5.2 Feeding and management in the growing period This period is characterized by fast growth of chickens, strong appetite, and increased feed intake. This stage is fed by grazing combined with supplementation, so that the body is fully developed and plump, which lays the foundation for late fattening.

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