Nile Tilapia Rice Field Cultivation Technology
2018-06-23 22:02:52
Due to the shallow water layer, high water temperature, and rich biological fish food, paddy fields are very suitable for tilapia breeding and have gradually become a new target for fish farming in paddy fields. Generally, 20 to 30 kg of tilapia can be produced per 667 square meters.
Farming tilapia in paddy fields can not only obtain certain fish products from paddy fields, but also promote the growth of rice crops, increase rice yield, and achieve double harvest of fish and rice. Practice has shown that paddy field farming of tilapia, rice generally can increase production by about 10%. This is due to the fact that tilapia swims around the paddy fields, stirs the water body, increases the dissolution of water, and drills mud to feed on the soil to loosen the soil, oxygen is easily penetrated into the water layer, thereby speeding up the decomposition of fertilizers and facilitating the improvement of soil texture. With the absorption of fertilizers, rice roots are easily stretched and promote the growth of rice. ?
The large amount of feces of tilapia, in addition to containing a large amount of nitrogen, also contains a large amount of phosphorus. According to the determination of feces per 100 g of tilapia, 219.4 mg of nitrate and 158.7 mg of phosphate were contained. Therefore, tilapia cultured in paddy fields played a certain role in the growth of rice. ?
1. The basic conditions and facilities for fish farming in paddy fields?
Fish farms should have sufficient water resources to discharge energy, ensure drought and drought protection, do not dry up during droughts, flood waters are not flooded, water is fresh, and there is no pollution. The soil is fertile, strong in water retention, and has a neutral or slightly alkaline pH. Paddy field with water conservation and fertility is the best. Since tilapia is a bottom-level fish, it can drill loose soil when swimming in the field, and it is better to plant rice varieties with thick stems, lodging resistance and tolerance to big fertilizers. ?
Generally, paddy fields are low in paddy fields, and when they are combined to excavate fish ditch, fish nests (pits), and flatten paddy fields, the height of field plows should be increased. Generally, the height of pagodas should be 30 to 60 cm, and they must be hammered to prevent heavy rain. Prevent yellow locusts, water snakes, and voles from making holes and leaking fish. ?
Rice field excavation fish ditch, fish nest, the main role is the rice paddy in the drying field, chemical fertilizer, sprinkle pesticides, tilapia can be concentrated in the fish ditch or fish nest, there is a safe habitat. In the summer when the water temperature is too high, tilapia can swim deeper fish ditch in the summer. It also helps tilapia harvesting and fishing. In general, fish ditch is excavated before transplanting, and the excavation area should ensure that the area of ​​fish ditch and fish dwelling should be enlarged as far as possible to ensure that rice does not decrease production. The excavation area generally does not exceed 5 to 7% of the paddy field area.
Fish ditch, size and form of fishpond, excavation location, quantity, shape, etc., should be based on the natural topography of paddy fields, the size of paddy fields and the level of fish production. Generally small areas can be dug into "field" shape, large and long rice fields can be dug into "10" shape or "mesh" shape. A horizontal ditch is generally opened every 20 meters, and a vertical ditch is opened every 25 meters. The distance from the fish ditch around the field is 30 to 60 cm. The width and depth of the grooves are 30 cm and 50 cm, respectively. Fish nests (collecting fish pits) are set up on the edge of the fields, and their area is determined by the size of the plots and the level of fish production. The fish ditch should be slightly inclined towards the fish nest. The area of ​​the fish dwelling should be about 10% of the paddy field area, and the depth should be 0.8 to 1 meter.
Paddy field water injection gates are preferably located on the rice fields in the opposite corners of the field, allowing the flow of water in the fields to flow evenly. Inlet and outlet must be installed to stop fish equipment, can be made of 70 cm long, 40 cm wide wooden frame. In the early days, the size of the fish was small, and the smaller meshed dense meshes could be installed. As the fish grew up later, it was replaced with a larger mesh mesh. The masonry near the wooden frame can be properly reinforced with bricks and stones to prevent the mud from flushing when draining and lose the effect of blocking fish. In addition, it is necessary to frequently clear the debris on the fishing equipment to prevent clogging.
2. Fish species stocking?
The stocking time of tilapia species is preferably 7 to 10 days after the rice is transplanted, until the rice plants turn green and return to green, and put the fish after rooting. If the fish are released too early and the seedlings have not yet taken root, the tilapia swimming in the rice paddies will cause “floating spades†and affect rice production. When stocking, the fish should be put into the fish nest so that the fish can swim slowly through the fish ditch to the rice fields to get acquainted with the fish ditch and fish nest. The density of stocking should be based on the size of the fish, the length of the feeding period, and the conditions of fertilization and feeding. In the case of non-feeding, generally 400 to 600 fish species of 5 to 6 cm in size are stocked per 667 m2. In the case of feeding and fertilizing, the stocking density can be increased to 800. ?
3. Feeding management?
After tilapia rearing in paddy fields, it is necessary to strengthen feeding and management. In order to ensure the smooth progress of fish farming in rice paddies and achieve a good harvest of fish and rice, the following tasks must be done. ?
(1) Maintaining a certain water level As tilapia can adapt to shallow water life, the usual field management is carried out according to the normal practice of rice fields. In the early stage of cultivation, the fish species are small, and the water level can be kept about 6.6 centimeters. In the later period of cultivation, the fish species grow up, and the water level should be kept above 8.3 cm. Before rice is dried in the field, clear the fish ditch and fish nest to prevent fish ditch blocking and silting. Drainage speed can not be too fast, otherwise tilapia will not be able to escape the fish ditch, they will be dead in the rice fields. When drying in the fields, the water level in the ditch is 13-17 cm. After Tian Tianshi is in good condition, the original water level will be restored in time. Don't let the sun shine for too long, so as not to eat too long and affect growth.
(2) Feeding and fertilizing Tilapia cultured in paddy fields generally do not feed bait, and it depends on the intake of natural food. However, natural food in paddy fields is limited, and it is appropriate to feed a portion of the bait to accelerate its growth and increase production. Feeding twice a day, the amount of feed can be controlled in the food 2 hours after eating is appropriate. The feeding site should be in the fish pond.
Fish farming paddy fields have no special requirements on the base fertilizers and farmyard fertilizers. Ammonia is only used as a basal fertilizer. If you want to apply urea, ammonium sulfate, etc. as a top dressing, apply it in small quantities several times. Apply half a field at a time. Avoid direct fertilization in fish ditch and fish nests. Fertilizer should be determined according to the water quality of rice fields. The color of the water is greenish green or yellow-brown, indicating that the natural food in the water is rich and can be used without fertilizer. If the water is clear, it means that water is thin and there are few natural foods. ?
(3) It is necessary to step up the inspection during the period of anti-escape and breeding, and often check whether there is a hole or gap in the field ridge and find that it should be repaired in time to prevent leaking fish. In case of heavy rain, care should be taken not to flood the fields. ?
(4) When disease occurs in pesticide-producing rice fields, high-efficiency and low-toxicity pesticides should be selected. Use as usual, do not arbitrarily increase the dose and avoid herbicides. In order to ensure the safety of fish, add 6 to 10 cm of water before spraying. Powder should be sprayed with a sprayer when there is dew in early morning shaking. The water agent should be sprayed with a sprayer after sunny dew. Spray as much as possible on the leaf surface of rice bran to avoid direct injection of pesticide powder or liquid into the water, resulting in death from fish poisoning. ?
(5) Fishing fishing time is a few days before rice is harvested. Before fishing, first clear the fish ditch and fish nest to make the water flow so that the tilapia can be concentrated in the fish ditch and fish nest. Drain the water slowly at night while draining. When most of the fish are automatically brought into the fish ditch and fish nest, fish are picked up using a small dip net or other fishing tools. Then go to the field again and pick up the fish hidden in the nest or in the squat.
Color: Orange red black or Customized
Farming tilapia in paddy fields can not only obtain certain fish products from paddy fields, but also promote the growth of rice crops, increase rice yield, and achieve double harvest of fish and rice. Practice has shown that paddy field farming of tilapia, rice generally can increase production by about 10%. This is due to the fact that tilapia swims around the paddy fields, stirs the water body, increases the dissolution of water, and drills mud to feed on the soil to loosen the soil, oxygen is easily penetrated into the water layer, thereby speeding up the decomposition of fertilizers and facilitating the improvement of soil texture. With the absorption of fertilizers, rice roots are easily stretched and promote the growth of rice. ?
The large amount of feces of tilapia, in addition to containing a large amount of nitrogen, also contains a large amount of phosphorus. According to the determination of feces per 100 g of tilapia, 219.4 mg of nitrate and 158.7 mg of phosphate were contained. Therefore, tilapia cultured in paddy fields played a certain role in the growth of rice. ?
1. The basic conditions and facilities for fish farming in paddy fields?
Fish farms should have sufficient water resources to discharge energy, ensure drought and drought protection, do not dry up during droughts, flood waters are not flooded, water is fresh, and there is no pollution. The soil is fertile, strong in water retention, and has a neutral or slightly alkaline pH. Paddy field with water conservation and fertility is the best. Since tilapia is a bottom-level fish, it can drill loose soil when swimming in the field, and it is better to plant rice varieties with thick stems, lodging resistance and tolerance to big fertilizers. ?
Generally, paddy fields are low in paddy fields, and when they are combined to excavate fish ditch, fish nests (pits), and flatten paddy fields, the height of field plows should be increased. Generally, the height of pagodas should be 30 to 60 cm, and they must be hammered to prevent heavy rain. Prevent yellow locusts, water snakes, and voles from making holes and leaking fish. ?
Rice field excavation fish ditch, fish nest, the main role is the rice paddy in the drying field, chemical fertilizer, sprinkle pesticides, tilapia can be concentrated in the fish ditch or fish nest, there is a safe habitat. In the summer when the water temperature is too high, tilapia can swim deeper fish ditch in the summer. It also helps tilapia harvesting and fishing. In general, fish ditch is excavated before transplanting, and the excavation area should ensure that the area of ​​fish ditch and fish dwelling should be enlarged as far as possible to ensure that rice does not decrease production. The excavation area generally does not exceed 5 to 7% of the paddy field area.
Fish ditch, size and form of fishpond, excavation location, quantity, shape, etc., should be based on the natural topography of paddy fields, the size of paddy fields and the level of fish production. Generally small areas can be dug into "field" shape, large and long rice fields can be dug into "10" shape or "mesh" shape. A horizontal ditch is generally opened every 20 meters, and a vertical ditch is opened every 25 meters. The distance from the fish ditch around the field is 30 to 60 cm. The width and depth of the grooves are 30 cm and 50 cm, respectively. Fish nests (collecting fish pits) are set up on the edge of the fields, and their area is determined by the size of the plots and the level of fish production. The fish ditch should be slightly inclined towards the fish nest. The area of ​​the fish dwelling should be about 10% of the paddy field area, and the depth should be 0.8 to 1 meter.
Paddy field water injection gates are preferably located on the rice fields in the opposite corners of the field, allowing the flow of water in the fields to flow evenly. Inlet and outlet must be installed to stop fish equipment, can be made of 70 cm long, 40 cm wide wooden frame. In the early days, the size of the fish was small, and the smaller meshed dense meshes could be installed. As the fish grew up later, it was replaced with a larger mesh mesh. The masonry near the wooden frame can be properly reinforced with bricks and stones to prevent the mud from flushing when draining and lose the effect of blocking fish. In addition, it is necessary to frequently clear the debris on the fishing equipment to prevent clogging.
2. Fish species stocking?
The stocking time of tilapia species is preferably 7 to 10 days after the rice is transplanted, until the rice plants turn green and return to green, and put the fish after rooting. If the fish are released too early and the seedlings have not yet taken root, the tilapia swimming in the rice paddies will cause “floating spades†and affect rice production. When stocking, the fish should be put into the fish nest so that the fish can swim slowly through the fish ditch to the rice fields to get acquainted with the fish ditch and fish nest. The density of stocking should be based on the size of the fish, the length of the feeding period, and the conditions of fertilization and feeding. In the case of non-feeding, generally 400 to 600 fish species of 5 to 6 cm in size are stocked per 667 m2. In the case of feeding and fertilizing, the stocking density can be increased to 800. ?
3. Feeding management?
After tilapia rearing in paddy fields, it is necessary to strengthen feeding and management. In order to ensure the smooth progress of fish farming in rice paddies and achieve a good harvest of fish and rice, the following tasks must be done. ?
(1) Maintaining a certain water level As tilapia can adapt to shallow water life, the usual field management is carried out according to the normal practice of rice fields. In the early stage of cultivation, the fish species are small, and the water level can be kept about 6.6 centimeters. In the later period of cultivation, the fish species grow up, and the water level should be kept above 8.3 cm. Before rice is dried in the field, clear the fish ditch and fish nest to prevent fish ditch blocking and silting. Drainage speed can not be too fast, otherwise tilapia will not be able to escape the fish ditch, they will be dead in the rice fields. When drying in the fields, the water level in the ditch is 13-17 cm. After Tian Tianshi is in good condition, the original water level will be restored in time. Don't let the sun shine for too long, so as not to eat too long and affect growth.
(2) Feeding and fertilizing Tilapia cultured in paddy fields generally do not feed bait, and it depends on the intake of natural food. However, natural food in paddy fields is limited, and it is appropriate to feed a portion of the bait to accelerate its growth and increase production. Feeding twice a day, the amount of feed can be controlled in the food 2 hours after eating is appropriate. The feeding site should be in the fish pond.
Fish farming paddy fields have no special requirements on the base fertilizers and farmyard fertilizers. Ammonia is only used as a basal fertilizer. If you want to apply urea, ammonium sulfate, etc. as a top dressing, apply it in small quantities several times. Apply half a field at a time. Avoid direct fertilization in fish ditch and fish nests. Fertilizer should be determined according to the water quality of rice fields. The color of the water is greenish green or yellow-brown, indicating that the natural food in the water is rich and can be used without fertilizer. If the water is clear, it means that water is thin and there are few natural foods. ?
(3) It is necessary to step up the inspection during the period of anti-escape and breeding, and often check whether there is a hole or gap in the field ridge and find that it should be repaired in time to prevent leaking fish. In case of heavy rain, care should be taken not to flood the fields. ?
(4) When disease occurs in pesticide-producing rice fields, high-efficiency and low-toxicity pesticides should be selected. Use as usual, do not arbitrarily increase the dose and avoid herbicides. In order to ensure the safety of fish, add 6 to 10 cm of water before spraying. Powder should be sprayed with a sprayer when there is dew in early morning shaking. The water agent should be sprayed with a sprayer after sunny dew. Spray as much as possible on the leaf surface of rice bran to avoid direct injection of pesticide powder or liquid into the water, resulting in death from fish poisoning. ?
(5) Fishing fishing time is a few days before rice is harvested. Before fishing, first clear the fish ditch and fish nest to make the water flow so that the tilapia can be concentrated in the fish ditch and fish nest. Drain the water slowly at night while draining. When most of the fish are automatically brought into the fish ditch and fish nest, fish are picked up using a small dip net or other fishing tools. Then go to the field again and pick up the fish hidden in the nest or in the squat.
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