Comprehensive prevention peanut rotten fruit ensure high quality and high yield
During the ripening stage of peanuts, their pods are often affected by bad production conditions and pathogens, resulting in reduced production and quality of peanuts. Therefore, to find out the cause of peanut rotting, and to take effective measures in time to prevent peanut rotting is the key to ensuring high quality and high yield of peanuts.
First, the cause of rotten fruit
1. Insect mites. Peanut larvae suffer from fleas during the growth period, causing the pods to rot.
2. Rat damage. From the time of enlargement to maturity, the damage from the vole is infested by bacteria and the bacteria invade and cause rotten fruit.
3. Drought. After the peanuts became full, they were severely drought-prone and the peanut stalks were gradually aging. Afterwards, they encountered greater rainfall or irrigation. The bacteria and water invaded the pods, resulting in rotten fruit.
4. Harmful. Sudden encounter with heavy rain or soil moisture is too high, leading to rotten fruit.
5. Disease. Root rot, stalk rot, blight and other diseases are the main causes of severe rot.
6. Calcium deficiency. After calcium deficiency in peanuts, the shells are thin, the tissues are loose, and the bacteria and water are easy to invade, causing rotten fruit.
7. Late harvest. Peanuts fail to be harvested in time after ripening, mature fruit pods form detached layers, and germs and moisture invade and cause rotten fruit.
Second, prevention and control measures
1. The rotation is down. The sick fields should be repeated every year, and the sick fields should be rotated for 3 to 5 years. Rotation crops are grass crops such as wheat and corn.
2. Soil treatment. Rotten fruit fields are treated with soil before peanuts are sown, 50% carbendazim is used for 1 kilogram, 25 kg of fine soil is mixed, and applied throughout the field to prevent various soil-borne diseases.
3. Choose good breeds. Select a peanut variety with a solid peel and good resistance to root rot and stem rot.
4. Deeply plough the soil and increase organic fertilizer. Fertilizing soil fertility can make peanut plants grow robustly and increase disease resistance.
5. Increase calcium fertilizer, make-up boron fertilizer, zinc fertilizer. For calcium-deficient blocks, attention should be paid to using superphosphate instead of diammonium phosphate when applying phosphate fertilizers. Promoting the use of boron fertilizer and zinc fertilizer can not only reduce pods, increase double fruit, increase yield, but also promote the absorption of calcium.
6. Rational irrigation and drainage. Generally when the soil moisture content is less than 10%, timely watering. Pay attention to drainage when the rain is large, keep the field clear water, enhance the stress resistance of plants and pods, reduce the rate of rotting.
7. Timely control of voles and fleas. Use poison baits to kill voles in time. Prevention of earthworms can be used with 50% phoxim granules per acre 1 ~ 1.5 kg, mixed with 30 kg of fine sand along the ridge spread, and then water control.
8. Appropriate harvest. When the plants appear senescent, the upper leaves become yellow, the middle and lower leaves turn green from the yellow and gradually fall off, the stems turn into yellow-green, most of the pods are hardened, the veins are clear, and the intrinsic luster of the variety appears. Harvest, prevent harvesting too late and cause rotten fruit.
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