Cultivation Techniques for Autumn Sugarcane Cultivation
Autumn sugarcane has the characteristics of high yield, stable yield, high sugar content, and light grass damage. It is an important cultivation method to increase the interests of both workers and peasants and increase the yield. It is conducive to exerting the advantages of dryland resources and is one of the ways for the vast number of sugarcane farmers to get rid of poverty as soon as possible, but autumn Sugarcane is required to be cultivated strictly in terms of cultivation, and technical requirements in various aspects are relatively high. The main tasks are as follows:
First, preparation, site preparation, planting sugarcane ditch
1, autumn planting sugarcane preparations: should be selected below 1200 meters above sea level, slope slope below 25 degrees planting. In July each year, the land is ready for cultivation. The rehabilitated land can be directly ditched. The land can be reclaimed and then re-opened. If the time is tight, the ditch can be opened directly. If the land is flat or gently, the ditch should be based on the wind direction (usually north-south direction). To enhance ventilation and light transmission, the ditching of slopes must be carried out along the contour lines around the mountain to increase the ability to retain water and fertility, and to enhance the drought resistance of cane plants.
2. Quality standard for ditching: Row spacing: 100-120 cm in paddy field, 90-110 cm in dry land, 40-45 cm deep in sugarcane ditch, 30-35 cm wide in furrow, required to reach deep groove width, ditch straight flat The implementation of deep groove, wide line, wide planting.
Second, according to local conditions, select drought resistance, resistance to turf, good perennial, high yield, stable production of sugar cane varieties. The main products are: Decane 93/94, Sichuan sugar 79/15, caramel 90/1022, Yingying 91/59 and other varieties.
Third, seedling treatment and seed
1. Seedlings treatment: the fall cane plants have high water content and the tissues are tender. If they are not seeded under the sun, they can easily cause mildew and decay of the cane varieties. Therefore, it is necessary to dry the seedlings for 5-7 days. It is better to shrink to the leaf sheath slightly, and the top part of the shoot should be dried for a few more days. This is the key to ensuring emergence. Cut 2-3 buds from each stage and disinfect it with 3% lime water for 10 minutes before sowing, or sterilize with 5% lime water.
2, the next time and method:
(1) The following species: August 20-September 30, and should not be planted after October 5.
(2) The next method adopts double row top or triangular air-to-air method to ensure that 7 to 10 buds per meter are used, and the amount per mu is about 700 kg.
(3) Pay attention to the quality of sowing and ensure that the seedlings are neat and tidy: The planting cane ditch will be straight and flat at the bottom, which will help eliminate the autumn rain. Base fertilizer and pesticide should be applied firstly, and then the seed should be applied. The cover soil should be shallow to cover the finished sugarcane plant. The thickest should not exceed 3cm (1 inch). If it is raining, it can temporarily cover the soil and wait until it is fine. Or fill the earth after emergence.
Fourth, due to local conditions and the implementation of crop rotation and intercropping sugar cane for a long period of continuous production will result in reduced soil fertility, diseases and insect pests increase year by year, should establish a reasonable rotation system. In sugarcane, sugarcane can be planted after the first crop of corn, peanuts or soybeans. The soil with high fertility and flat lands, after planting sugar cane, can be planted with soybeans, broad beans, rapeseed, and radish between sugarcane lines, which can increase the multiple cropping index, increase soil fertility, resist frost damage, and increase the income of sugarcane farmers.
Fifth, the autumn winter sugarcane planting and late management Planted in September before the fall of sugarcane can generally emerge in 10-15 days, 25-30 days after the start of the tillering, rapid growth, at this stage the general yield of the species can reach 8 Tons and above, we must do weeding and fertilization in October-November that year, apply 10-15 kilograms of urea, and cultivate soil to ensure safe wintering of fall planting sugarcane seedlings. After the spring begins, the temperature rises, and the growth of sugar cane grows faster in autumn. In late April, it is time to enter the extension period. Weeding and cutting of stem fertilizers should be promptly conducted to treat the stem fertilizers and the soil and pests must be controlled. Therefore, 40 kg of urea or 40 kg of nutrients for 60 kg of BB fertilizer is used for each acre. The above applies fertilizer and pest control pesticides based on the degree of pest damage, generally 5% of sugarcane stems or insecticide 4-6 kg, in order to ensure the capture of high yield. Late management is the same as new sugarcane planting.
Note: The main technical points for autumn planting cane cutting
1. It is necessary to insist on sunny day cutting and planting, to prevent raining or raining, and to avoid the loss of the ratoon cane.
2, 3 to 5 days after cutting, timely cleaning sugar cane leaves, open ridge loose.
3, the groundwater level is high or low-lying sugarcane field (back-yin dry land) is best not to cut the seed, if the seed must be cut because of seed breeding, should be used on the day of cutting, with lime or dry stove dust disinfection, immediately the next day Loose earthworms expose the cane to earthworms until the roots emerge.
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