Pollution-free Pleurotus eryngii Efficient Cultivation Technique
Pleurotus eryngii is a meaty, nutrient-rich and long shelf life mushroom that is one of the most delicious mushrooms and has been favored as "Plant King." Pleurotus eryngii is a kind of rare edible fungus with good taste and medicinal function and good gas, insecticidal and cosmetic effects.
Biological characteristics
Temperature: Pleurotus eryngii is a low-to-medium cultivar. The optimum temperature for the growth of mycelium is 23-26°C. The optimum temperature for the primordium formation is 10-15°C. The temperature for the development of fruiting bodies varies from strain to strain and is generally 15 When the temperature is lower than 8°C or higher than 20°C at ~18°C, the fruit body is poorly developed and the temperature is the key to the success or failure of Pleurotus eryngii cultivation. Nutrition: Pleurotus eryngii is a kind of edible fungus that has strong ability to decompose cellulose and lignin, and requires a rich nitrogen source. The richer the nitrogen source, the better the growth of mycelia and the higher the yield; the raw materials of the matrix are cotton shells, Sawdust, bagasse, wheat straw, etc.; the production of cottonseed hulls as the main material is the highest, the flowering type is also large, and the flavor of fruiting bodies is better. Moisture and humidity: The moisture content of the culture medium should be 60%. The moisture content should be moderate when mixing, and should not be too large, the ratio of material to water should be 1:1.1; the relative humidity of fruiting body formation and development stage should be 90%-95% and 85% respectively. % to 90%. Air: Fresh air is required for mycelium growth and fruit body development, but a certain amount of carbon dioxide concentration can significantly stimulate mycelial growth and primordia formation. Illumination: No light is needed during the growth phase of the mycelium, and the fruit body needs a certain amount of scattered light for its differentiation and growth; the appropriate light intensity is 500 to 1000 Ix. pH: The optimum pH for mycelial growth is 6.5-7.5, and the optimum pH for the mushroom is 5.5-6.5.
2. High-yield cultivation techniques
(1) Seasonal arrangements. Pleurotus eryngii has relatively strict temperature requirements, and it is difficult to form fruit bodies when the temperature is too high or too low. It is better to arrange the production season according to the mushrooming temperature range of the selected varieties, because if the first tidal mushroom of Pleurotus eryngii fails to form normally, it will affect the normal mushrooming of the second tide. Usually in early September bacteriostatic bag, in mid-to late October, it is appropriate to begin mushrooming. Under normal circumstances, the end of fresh fruit before and after New Year's Day ends.
(2) Cultivation materials formula. 1 50% corn cob, 30% cottonseed husk, 15% wheat bran, 3% corn flour, 1% sucrose, 1% calcium carbonate. 2 sawdust 35%, cotton seed shell 40%, wheat bran 20%, corn flour 3%, gypsum 1%, sucrose 1%, moisture 60% to 65%, mixed wood chips and cottonseed husks best.
(3) bagging, sterilization and inoculation. Pleurotus eryngii is generally produced using clinker bag planting methods. Conventional use of 17 to 50 cm plastic bags. After sterilization and sterilization, single head inoculation, the bacteria bag placed in a suitable temperature and dark culture room cultivation. When the mycelium grows to 10 to 1.5 centimeters, microporous ventilation is possible. One-sided punching and inoculation, bagging bacteria, and the method of mushrooming from the inoculation hole is better.
(4) The management of mushroom and mushroom. 1 The reminder of mushrooms: When the mycelium is full, it can be racked. The mushroom rods are discharged inside the mushroom sheds and are oriented in a north-south direction. Each bacterium wall has two rows, and the mushrooming end faces outward, leaving a management road in the middle. In order to prevent inoculation of water in the hole, the inoculation hole of the bag before the mushroom must face downwards. After the primordium is formed and grows to the size of the bean, the bag is turned over and the fruit body is placed upwards. 2 sparse buds: Pleurotus eryngii buds are important technical links to ensure high quality and high yields. When used properly, commodity mushrooms can be increased by 10 to 20 percent. The method is to first prepare a small point knife and choose dense young buds in the occurrence of buds. Make sure that each fruiting surface retains 2~4 young buds, and the rest of the buds can be cut off with a sharp knife. The second is to keep the spacing between the buds to be appropriate to avoid crowding after growth. Injured and retaining buds. After the completion of the rafting operation, the wall, floor, vents, etc. shall be sprayed on the shed in a timely manner, and the bleaching powder solution shall be 100 times to prevent the buds from being infected with the virus. 3 control of moisture and temperature: mushroom shed temperature is controlled at 10 ~ 18 °C, less than 10 °C primordium is difficult to form; more than 20 °C primordium differentiation ceased; continued above 20 °C, the mushroom buds that have formed are soft, shrinking death . Therefore, according to the size of the mushroom, the number of appropriate ventilation, to maintain the air relative humidity within the shed 85% to 90%. You can increase the relative humidity of the air by spraying water on the ground and in the space. Try not to spray the water directly onto the hand to prevent the infected bacteria from rot. 4 Integrated pest management: The major pests and diseases of Pleurotus eryngii are bacteria, green mold, trichoderma, and mushroom fly. Diseases and insect pests are not easy to occur at low temperatures. Strengthening ventilation and temperature control can prevent the occurrence of pests and diseases. If bacteria, green mold, and Trichoderma are found to be contaminated, the bag should be taken out of the ground in a timely manner. The mushroom fly can be baited with electro-optic lamps and sticky-spot plates, and combined with spot-sweet 2000 to 2500 times spray.
3. timely harvest
(1) When the cap is flat and the edges are slightly inward, the spores can be harvested without ejection. During harvesting, the stipe was grasped, and the entire rotation was pulled up. The wood chips on the cloud stipe were cut off in time. After the harvest, the material surface was cleaned and the water spray was stopped. After the bacteria were cultivated for 7 to 10 days, the 2nd tidal mushroom could be produced.
(2) After the mushroom bag has passed 2 tidal mushroom, the nutrition and moisture in the mushroom bag cannot meet the needs of mushrooming in the later period. Need to remove the film in time to cover soil cultivation. After being managed by the cover soil method, 2 tidal mushrooms can be produced later.
(3) The harvested Pleurotus eryngii can be graded and packaged according to the standard. Can not meet the standard requirements can be sliced ​​dried or processed into soft cans. It can not only achieve the purpose of long-term storage, but also better maintain the original shape and flavor of Pleurotus eryngii, that is, it is quick, convenient and safe to eat.
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