Spring beef cattle disease prevention and control measures
The arrival of spring, the weather began to warm, this is the fastest growing season of beef cattle, and also the season of beef cattle disease. In order to ensure that the beef cattle have a faster growth rate, the breeder should do well in preventing and controlling the disease.
Foot-and-mouth disease
Foot-and-mouth disease is an acute, febrile and highly contagious disease of cloven-hoofed animals. Its clinical features are herpes in the oral mucosa, hooves and breasts.
Epidemiology Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) belongs to the genus Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus in the microvirionoviridae family and mutates easily under different conditions. According to the serological properties of the virus, it is currently known that there are seven major types in the world, namely Type A and Type O. Type C, South Africa Type 1, South Africa Type 2, South Africa Type 3, and Asia Type 1. The O-type is currently popular in China. The virus is mainly found in the moltings and lymph fluids. Diseased cows are the main source of infection. Diseased cows in rehabilitation and incubation periods can also be poisoned by detoxification. The disease is mainly caused by respiratory and digestive tract infections and can also be infected through the mucous membranes and the skin. Its spread is both sprawling and leaping. It can occur throughout the year and in spring.
Clinical Symptoms The disease has an average incubation period of 2-4 days, with a maximum of 7 days. Diseased cattle body temperature at 40 °C -41 °C, depressed, loss of appetite, closed mouth, runny nose. One to two days after diseased cows, large blisters ranging from faba bean to walnut were found on the inner surface of the lips, gums, tongue and buccal mucosa. At this time, the number of slobbers in the mouth increased, appearing as a white foam, often hanging over his mouth, feeding and ruminating stopped completely. At the same time as or after the blisters occurred in the oral cavity, blisters were also found on the soft skin between the toes and the crown, and soon there was erosion and then healing. The disease is generally benign, just oral, about 1 week can be cured, if the foot lesions occur, the disease can be extended 2-3 weeks or more, the mortality rate is generally not more than 3%.
Prevention and control measures 1. In the areas where the disease is common, susceptible animals such as cattle, sheep, and pigs are inoculated with foot-and-mouth disease vaccines. Second, when an outbreak of foot-and-mouth disease occurs, it should be immediately reported to the affected area, be severely blocked, and be extinguished in situ to prevent spread. Quarantine cattle, sheep, and pigs in the epidemic, and diseased cattle are treated or slaughtered in situ. Contaminated pots, feeders, tools, and faeces were disinfected with 2% sodium hydroxide solution. Third, isolation of the diseased cattle treatment, available poisoning acne Kang injection, 50 ml per day per intramuscular injection of beef, used in conjunction 3-5 days, and with myogenin smear the mouth or breast, hoof ulcers.
Hepatic schistosomiasis
It is caused by parasites of liver fluke parasitizing in the liver and bile ducts of cattle and is mostly chronic.
The clinical symptoms of the disease cows daily thin, rough hair, easy to fall off, loss of appetite, indigestion, pale mucous membranes, swollen bovine body edema.
Prevention and control measures The cattle should be dewormed every spring and autumn. First, Chinese medicine treatment: Take Guan Zhong 12 grams, 30 grams of betel nut, gentian 12 grams, Alisma 12 grams, a total of Yan Mo, blunt water. Second, western medicine treatment: Oral sulfur dichlorodichlorophenol (Biding), according to 40-60 mg per kg body weight; Or oral nitroxide, 5-8 mg per kg body weight; Oral schistosomiasis 846, 125 mg per kg body weight Or oral hexachloroethane, 200-400 mg/kg body weight.
Rickets
Grasshoppers, also known as oystercatchers and grasses, are often hidden in grasslands and wall joints and parasited outside the cow. The main hazards to cows are infectious diseases, blood sucking, secretion of toxins, unrest, anemia, and leanness.
Prevention and control measures When the amount of parasitism of the bovine body is small, it can be manually captured and eliminated; if there is a large amount, the trichlorfon solution can be sprayed to kill. For the crickets hiding in the shacks, they can be sprayed with a solution of trichlorfon and block the wall joints.
Rickets
Clinical Symptoms It is a skin disease caused by parasites, also known as warts or warts. Burdock occurs in the eyelids, chewing muscles and neck. The site of the disease was an irregular, small bald spot with a pale, itchy surface. There are lumps in the late stages and the skin becomes thicker. The lesions can also develop to the chest and abdomen, causing the cow to feel uneasy, rubbing on the body, and taking a microscope of the affected area to see the body.
Prevention measures The diseased cattle should be separated from the healthy cows in time to thoroughly clean the houses. During treatment, the affected area can be cut off, wash the skin with soapy water, then wash the affected area with 0.5% solution of trichlorfon, wash once every 2-3 days, wash 2-3 times continuously.
Vitamin A deficiency
Cause of morbidity Spring, especially in early spring, lack of high-quality grass feed, cattle prone to vitamin A deficiency. In addition, the large amount of nitrogen fertilizer used in planting pasture can cause excessive nitrate levels in pasture. Nitrates can inhibit the conversion of carotene into vitamin A. Therefore, if a cow or herd that is suspected of deficiency is found, the feed formulation should be adjusted immediately.
The clinical symptoms of yaks are highly susceptible to vitamin A deficiency. The initial symptoms are night blindness. The performance of cows hits both the dawn and the evening. Eyes are allergic to light, causing corneal dryness, tearing, and gradual corneal hyperplasia and turbidity. In particular, the symptoms of young cattle develop rapidly. They become blind due to secondary bacterial infections and are also prone to pneumonia and diarrhea, causing urinary stones. The lack of vitamin A in yak development is obviously slow, rough hair, mostly susceptible to skin diseases.
Prevention and control measures to strengthen the feeding and management, to give more raw feed containing vitamin A. Observe the herd and observe early detection and early treatment. In the treatment, 4,000 IU of vitamin A was injected intramuscularly per kilogram of body weight, followed by oral administration of equal amounts of vitamin A within 7-10 days. Pay attention to the amount of concentrate feed can not be too much, no shortage of grazing cattle grass, subtilis is best to supply vitamin A50-100 million international units every 2 months or so.
Grasshopper
Causes of the disease The disease occurs mostly in the early spring and late autumn in low temperature and humidity, especially in the 2-3 weeks after the start of early spring grazing. Spring grass has the lowest magnesium content, and consumption of large amounts of potassium-containing grass or wheat grass can promote the occurrence of grasshoppers. In particular, grasses and weeds that grow rapidly after the rain contain relatively low levels of magnesium, calcium, sodium, and carbohydrates, but contain more potassium and phosphorus ions. Potassium can affect ruminal metabolism, especially the absorption of magnesium. Forage protein content is too high, the potassium content is relatively higher than sodium, and calcium, phosphorus, magnesium ratio imbalance is the occurrence of this disease factors.
The clinical symptoms of diseased cattle showed neurological symptoms such as excitement and muscle spasms. The extremely acute type of cattle is suddenly heading to the rear of one side when eating grass. It is in a laterally reversing position, rolling around, recurrent tossing ankyloses and dying within 2-3 hours. The acute type of diseased cattle is depressed in spirit and gait, and sensitivity to light, sound, and contact is enhanced within 24 hours. Ears erected, nystagmus, and blister. The head, especially the muscles of the nose, upper lip, abdomen, and extremities, tremored, and the reaction increased, followed by a tetanus-like systemic ankylosing paralysis that fell to the ground and eventually died.
Prevention measures should not be over-grazed in the early spring or late autumn, and even half-day grazing should be adopted for half-day feeding. For the cows who have had this disease, the grazing time should be properly controlled. The occurrence of this disease is mainly due to the decrease of the absorption capacity of magnesium in the intestine of cattle and the lack of ability to control the stability of magnesium metabolism in the body at the same time. Therefore, usually in the concentrate feed should be added 0.1-0.2 grams of magnesium oxide per kilogram of body weight, to supplement the deficiency of magnesium, the disease is generally an acute pass, especially the special case of acute type, 2-3 hours after the onset of death. Therefore, we must seize the time for treatment. Instantly replenish magnesium and calcium preparations is extremely effective, will be 20% magnesium sulfate solution 200-400 ml, intravenous or subcutaneous injection, once daily, once every 3 days, for the first time should be combined with intravenous injection of 20% boric acid calcium gluconate injection 200 ml .
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