The effect and significance of soil nutrient tester on agricultural planting
China's agriculture has a history of thousands of years. In traditional agricultural cultivation, farmers mostly rely on past planting experience, planting year after year. The error in experience has led to a bad year for farmers’ harvests. In order to be able to develop well every year, people began to seek scientific cultivation. Plants, like animals and people, need environmental and nutritional support to grow healthily. As people continue to explore, understand what nutrients are needed for plants. However, to detect the ingredients of these nutrients, it is necessary to take the soil back to the laboratory, and the laboratory can then know the results by tedious steps such as drying, digestion, filtration, etc., and it takes a long time to know the results. There are many problems with this type of detection: complicated operation, high equipment investment, long time-consuming, and inability to detect on-site. These shortcomings directly lead to the fact that farmers cannot detect themselves. The soil nutrient tester is derived from it, which is not only simple in operation, low in cost, but also short in time, easy to carry, and can know the environmental condition of the soil at any time.
 What are the elements that can be detected by the soil nutrient rapid tester ? It depends on the function of the soil nutrient tester. Some can only detect nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, and some can detect some trace elements. The soil nutrient tester LASA AGRO2800 from STEPS in Germany can detect not only nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, but also trace elements in the soil: iron, boron, manganese, copper, zinc, molybdenum and chlorine. A large number of elements in the soil: carbon and hydrogen Nearly 60 elements such as oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium and sulfur, including some rare elements, can be detected.
The lack of different elements will directly lead to different pathological symptoms of plants. Below I will probably list:
1 , nitrogen element:
The concentration required for normal plants is between 1% and 5% . The effect is to increase chlorophyll and promote protein synthesis. When the plant is deficient in nitrogen, it will grow slowly, obviously short, and the leaves will turn yellow; when the nitrogen is severely deficient, the leaves will brown and die.
2 , phosphorus element:
The required concentration of normal plants is between 0.1% and 0.4% . The most important role is to store and transport energy, obtain from photosynthesis and carbohydrate metabolism, and store energy in phosphate compounds. use. Phosphorus deficiency limits the growth of the whole plant, and rarely sees the obvious leaf symptoms when other elements are in short supply.
3 , potassium element:
Desired normal plants concentration between 1% to 5%, based on the activity of potassium ions present in a normal state, and its main function is to catalysis: 1, 2 activates the enzyme, the equilibrium moisture 3, 4 involved in energy form, participation Simultaneous compounding (increasing the sugar content of crops) 5. Participating in nitrogen uptake and protein synthesis 6. Activating starch synthase (promoting grain filling during crop filling) 7. Activating solid enzymes (which can increase the number of rhizobs in legumes). When the potassium nutrient is insufficient, the disease resistance of the plant is reduced, the quality of the crop is reduced and the yield is reduced, especially the effects of fruits, vegetables and soybeans.
4 , calcium element:
The concentration required for normal plants is between 0.2% and 1.0% , and calcium plays an important role in cell elongation and division. When the plant is deficient in calcium, the top buds and the roots of the roots are not developed, and the growth point stops growing. Calcium deficiency often causes tomato to develop umbilical rot and apple bitterness, and the fruit lacks hardness.
5 , magnesium element:
The concentration required for normal plants is between 0.1% and 0.4% , and magnesium is the only mineral component of the chlorophyll molecule. Without chlorophyll, plants cannot perform photosynthesis. Therefore, the symptoms of magnesium deficiency in plants first appear in the lower leaves, and move from the old part to the young part, further develop into the whole leaf tissue is yellowish, then brown until the final necrosis, especially cotton, the lower leaves may appear purple Then gradually browning and necrosis.
6 , sulfur element:
The concentration of sulfur required for normal plants is between 0.1% and 0.4% . The main role of sulfur is to promote plant growth. Sulfur deficiency can greatly hinder plant growth, characterized by chlorosis, shortness, fine stems and spindle shape. The symptoms of sulphur deficiency in many plants are very similar to the symptoms of nitrogen deficiency, which inevitably leads to misdiagnosis of many causes of deficiency. The synthetic protein of plant photosynthesis must contain sulfur-containing amino acids such as cystine, cysteine ​​and methionine, and 90% of the sulfur in the plant is present in these amino acids. Therefore, high-quality amino acid foliar fertilizer can add sufficient sulfur to plant growth. In addition, sulfur can also increase the oil content of oil crops.
7 , boron element:
The concentration of boron in normal plants is 6-60ppm . Boron plays an important role in the development and growth of plant meristems. Because it is not easy to move from aging tissues to actively growing tissues, the first boron deficiency symptoms are top. The buds stop growing, and then the young leaves die; they also limit flowering and later fruit development. The symptoms of boron deficiency are as follows: 1. The young leaves of the plant turn pale green, and the base is more green than the tip of the leaf, and the base tissue is destroyed. If the growth continues, the leaves are skewed or twisted, usually the leaves die and the top stops growing. 2 , the leaves become thick, wilting or the leaf blade petiole and stem become thick, cracked or water-immersed fruit. Tubers or roots fade, crack or rot, apples shrink fruit. Citrus causes the thickness of the skin to be different, the fruit is smashed, and the root crop causes black heart disease or brown heart disease.
8 , iron elements:
The concentration of iron required for normal plants is 50-250 ppm . Its main role is: 1, increased oxidative respiration two metabolic processes in plants and the chloroplast photosynthesis reduction reaction, the oxygen in the respiration reduced to water, functional iron compound. 2 , iron can play a role in the stable growth of plants. 3. Iron is involved in the activation of the enzyme system . Iron deficiency first appears on the young leaves of the plant, and the growth stops. The young leaves show chlorosis between the veins, which will soon develop to the whole leaf. In severe cases, the leaves are completely white. The normal concentration is between 0.1% and 0.4% , and magnesium is the only mineral component of the chlorophyll molecule. Without chlorophyll, plants cannot perform photosynthesis. Therefore, the symptoms of magnesium deficiency first appear in the lower leaves, and move from the old part to the young part, and further develop into the entire leaf tissue is yellowish , then brown until the final necrosis, especially cotton, the lower leaves may appear purple-red, Then gradually browning and necrosis.
9 , manganese element:
The normal manganese concentration required is 20-500 ppm . Manganese is a transitional element of plant growth. The symptoms of manganese deficiency are first manifested on young leaves, and broad-leaved plants are characterized by chlorosis between veins. Like iron, manganese is also involved in photosynthesis and redox. Symptoms of severe manganese deficiency include: oat gray spot, wet spot and spot blotch. However, excessive use of manganese is harmful to plant growth, such as cotton, tobacco, soybean, fruit trees and rapeseed, all of which are poisonous amino acids caused by excess manganese, which can make excess manganese constitute manganese protein and promote manganese participation in enzymes. The activation system can effectively relieve the poison caused by excessive manganese.
10 , copper elements:
The effect of copper on plants is similar to that of iron, and the concentration of copper required for normal is 5-20 ppm . The symptoms of copper deficiency in various crops are different: the young leaves of copper deficiency turn yellow and shrink, and as the deficiency increases, the young leaves turn white and the stems and leaves age and die. In more serious cases, dead tissues appear along the tip and leaf margin, many vegetables When the crop is deficient in copper, the leaves lose their swell pressure and do not appear blue, chlorotic, curly, or flowering.
11 , zinc element:
Zinc is a transition metal trace element required by plants and has a normal content of 25-150 ppm in plant dry matter . Symptoms often found in zinc deficiency are: 1. Light green, yellow or white areas appear between the veins of the veins, especially in the leaves of the old leaves, and some tissues of the chlorotic leaves die. 2 , the stem and stem internodes become shorter, many leaves are clumped, showing a rosette-like appearance. 3 , the leaves are small, narrow and thick, usually the upper leaves of the leaves continue to grow, causing the deformed leaves to fall early, growth is blocked, and it is prone to viral diseases.
12 , molybdenum element:
The normal content of molybdenum required by plants in plants is 0.3-1 ppm , so the concentration of molybdenum is very low, and there is no toxic side effect in excessive use. Molybdenum is present in various enzymes, which promote the formation of leguminous rhizobium and play an irreplaceable role in the absorption and transport of iron in plants.
13 , chlorine element:
The concentration of chlorine required for normal plants is 0.2%-2.0% , but many crops reach 10% . One of the main functions of chlorine is to act as a counter ion when potassium flows rapidly, in order to maintain the swell of the leaves and other organs of the plant, and promote the photosynthesis of the plants. Chlorine can also play a significant role in disease prevention, which can greatly reduce the total root rot of winter wheat. Other crops can reduce the infection of Fusarium early root rot, which can reduce the occurrence of corn stalk rot. The risk of chlorine excess on crops varies depending on the crop tolerance. Tobacco, peach, pear and melon crops are most sensitive to chlorine.
14 , silicon:
The concentration of silicon required for normal plants is 0.2%-2.0% , mainly concentrated in the roots of plants. The main role is to play a role in the cell wall structure, improve crop disease resistance, and play an important role in stem strength and lodging resistance.
From the pathological symptoms that may occur in these plants, the importance of the soil environment to plant growth can be seen. It also directly reflects the importance of the soil nutrient tester for plant growth. Soil nutrient testers are of great importance in the agricultural sector. As agricultural farming becomes more and more scientific, it is believed that the future farmers' harvest will be better and better, and in the future China, agriculture will become more prosperous and prosperous.
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