Sweet potatoes do not turn over and increase productivity
In China's sweet potato cultivation area, there has been a habit of turning vines in history. Domestic and foreign scientific research departments have long been convinced that the production of sweet potatoes will be reduced by vines: the production of vines will generally decrease by 20% to 25%, and the high ones will reach 30% or more. Turning vines not only results in reduced production, but also requires more labor. According to the results of the author's multi-point trials in Fujian and Luzhou, the spring sweet potato on the thin and thin ground was reduced by 8.3% at one time, and reduced by 29.8% at three times; on the ground where the water and fertilizer conditions were better, the yield was reduced by one vine. 7%, a three-time reduction of 19.6%. Sweet potato in the middle of fertility conditions, turned vines and turned twice, respectively, cut 7.8% and 17.2%. The test results show that whether the spring potato or the summer potato, whether it is dry or thin fertile ground, nor is it the year of drought and flood, or the year of normal climate, all the vines are reduced, and the reduction in output increases with the increase in the number of vines. . Turning vines not only results in a reduction in the output of the tubers, but also results in a decrease in production of potato vines by one to two percent and a decrease in starch content. For this reason, in the 1960s of the last century, the relevant departments promoted the use of sweet potato as an increase in production technology. Unfortunately, the technology for increasing production of this section has not been pushed forward.
Will sweet potatoes turn over vines to reduce production?
(I) The damage of stems and leaves of sweet potato caused by turning vines is serious. Surveys have shown that turning vines once generally causes 4% to 7% of stem and leaf damage, and rainy days and long vine-type cultivars can cause 8% to 11% damage to stems and leaves. The stems and leaves are the plants where sweet potatoes make nutrients. They deliver the nutrients they produce to the roots. Damaged stems and leaves lose their ability to make nutrients and transport nutrients. In order to make up for damaged stems and leaves, sweet potato needs to grow new stems and leaves. The growth of new stems and leaves consumes the stored nutrients, which will inevitably affect the expansion of the potato.
(b) Turning vines affects photosynthesis. The output of any crop comes from photosynthesis, and sweet potatoes are no exception. Before the sweet potato was turned over, the natural distribution of stems and leaves was reasonable, which was conducive to photosynthesis. After vines are turned, the stems and leaves are turned over and overlapped, so that the effective photosynthetic area is reduced. The leaves that overlap on the lower leaves turn yellow and fall off due to no sunlight, resulting in a further decrease in photosynthetic surface. And the opposite side of the blade is much lower than the photosynthesis on the front of the blade. Inverted leaves usually take 3 to 5 days to restore growth, seriously affecting the production of photosynthetic substances. Therefore, farmers in Shandong Province have "turned vines once and not three days long".
(3) Turning vines causes root injuries, affecting the absorption and accumulation of nutrients. Turning vines are prone to root turbulence, resulting in the fracture of some small roots, directly affecting the absorption of water and nutrients by the root system, affecting the transport accumulation and the growth of tubers. The above three points are enough to show that turning sweet potatoes into vines will reduce the production rate.
The implementation of sweet potato fields that do not turn vines generally saves 6 to 10 workers per acre. During the whole growth period of sweet potato, it is not suitable to turn vines. According to the field conditions, vines can be properly cultivated. In the early stage of the growth of sweet potato, we must strengthen the field cultivation and weeding. In the middle and late stages of the growth of sweet potato, if there is more rain, plant growth is too prosperous and weeding is required, we can carry out the vine raising. The method is to gently lift the sweet potato stems, remove the weeds, and then put them back to prevent damage to the stems and leaves. The number of vines should not be too much, usually 1~3 times.
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