Analysis on High-yield Cultivation Techniques of Pea in Dryland

Gu Shi (including dried and fresh beans) production is constantly developing due to the strong market demand. Promote high-yield cultivation techniques with "selection of fine seeds, fine farmland seed treatment, timely early sowing, trench sowing and dense planting, scientific fertilization, field management, timely harvesting, and insect control storage" as the content, which can achieve high benefits; therefore, small grains It is entirely possible to make a big industry.

Key words: peas; high-yield cultivation; technical analysis Renshou County had a cultivated area of ​​nearly 1.2 million acres at the end of 2006, of which 630,000 acres of dry land. In the whole year, the total area planted for the Xiaochun grain crops was 835,000 mu (57,000 mu of peas), and the total output was 203,000 tons, of which 6700 tons were peas, accounting for 3.3%.

The main object of this article is grain peas (including fresh bean production). In the Xiaochun food crops, most of them are planted on more than two slopes because of their higher tolerance to barren and drought than wheat. * The year was once 122,000 mu. With the continuous adjustment of the internal structure of the planting industry in recent years, after a large number of fruits are planted on two or more uncultivated grain fields, the area of ​​peas has decreased year by year, and the output per unit area has not increased. The supply of watercress raw materials has been in short supply. The retail price of Zhencheng South Market reached a record 5.6 yuan / kg.

1. Experimental setting (1) The treatment area is 15.6 acres, and two dry hills are connected by shallow hills. The high-yield cultivation technology of dry land peas shall be standardized.

(2) The control area is 3.1 acres, which is the adjacent two dry land. The varieties and treatments are the same; traditional techniques are used.

(3) The reference area is 1.3 acres, which is an adjacent two dry land. Variety Neimai No. 9 adopts the main technology of agricultural technology home project.

2. Method Implementation of the self-developed protocol of "High-yield Cultivation Techniques of Dry Land Pea" (1) Selection of a good variety * Long Pea No. 1 (99-1), the variety is semi-leafless, * characteristics: short plant, short internodes, each node The compound leaves at the nodes are completely transformed into tendrils, and the tendrils are intertwined to form a whole, which makes the plants grow upright, strong resistance to fall, antibacterial nuclear disease, and fertilizer resistance, which is conducive to improving ventilation and light transmission conditions, increasing density, and increasing individual plants. Strong and increase yield.

New cold-resistant, drought-resistant, powdery mildew resistant variety Zhongzhong No. 6 is available.

(2) The peas in fine farmland do not have high soil fertility requirements. Loose soil is favorable for the growth of underground parts. It should be ploughed to a depth of 15-20cm.

(3) Restructuring in accordance with the standard "Three, two and five", three feet of peas are planted, two feet of five are reserved for empty lines, and spring corn will be planted in the coming year.

(4) Early sowing in the appropriate period Sowing in the high-yielding sowing period (late October). 6 kg per acre.

(V) Seed treatment 1. Seed selection. Eliminate disease and insect grains to reduce disease and insect infestation; Eliminate small and bad grains to improve seed uniformity; Eliminate mixed grains and heterochromatic grains to improve seed purity.

2. Soaking seeds. Before sowing, soak the seeds with a 30% saline solution for 1 hour to basically inactivate the pathogenic microorganisms on the surface of the peas; at the same time, remove impurities and bad seeds floating on the water surface.

(5) Ditch sowing and dense planting should be ditched at a distance of 30cm. A suitable ditch depth of 4-6cm will not be conducive to the germination of pea seeds.

For seeding, 25 seeds were dropped per 1m. Avoid bunching up seeds.

(6) Scientific Fertilization Scientifically fertilize according to the characteristics of peas. 1. Features of fertilizer requirement. According to the information, for every 100 kg of pea grains produced, 3.1 kg of pure nitrogen, 0.9 kg of phosphorus pentoxide, and 2.9 kg of potassium oxide are required, and the three-factor ratio is 3: 1: 3.

The amount of fertilizer absorbed from the emergence to the flowering stage, the flowering stage, the final flowering stage to the mature stage is: nitrogen 40%, 59%, 1%, phosphorus 30%, 36%, 34%; potassium 60%, 23%, 17%.

2. Fertilization technology. â‘  Reapply base fertilizer. To change the traditional peas to use only dry manure and phosphate fertilizer, instead of using water manure and nitrogen and potassium fertilizer, apply water manure, phosphate fertilizer, potassium fertilizer and a small amount of chemical nitrogen fertilizer. Apply 30-30 mus of rotten farm fertilizer per mu, 30 kg of superphosphate, 10 kg of potassium sulfate or 60 kg of plant ash, 5 kg of urea â‘¡ topdressing before flowering. â‘¢ Topdressing fertilizer outside the root to promote plumpness.

(VII) Field management 1. Weeding and weeding.

Weeding is an important task of Longguan No. 1 field pipe. Weeds are overgrown. Fighting for light and fertilizer affects pea yield. Weeding should be manual.

2. Topping topping. Can be branched to promote branching and increase flower pods. At the same time, fresh "pea-tips" for vegetables are sold.

3. Prevent and control pests. Ban Qianjing is used for prevention and treatment. The dosage of Ban Qianjing is 25-60 grams per acre. After diluting Ban Qianjing to 1500-2000 times solution, spraying is performed. Spray evenly. The main disease is powdery mildew. In the early flowering period, the plot is vigorous.

4. Chemical regulation. Longwan No. 1 is prone to yellowing of the parietal leaves if the nutrients are insufficient at low temperatures, and Yunda 120 can be sprayed if it occurs.

5, to miscellaneous. The characteristics of this variety of peas in the early flowering period are obvious. The hybrids should be removed to ensure the purity of the seeds.

(8) When the grain is harvested in time for vegetable use, it will be harvested in early April, peeled and marketed.

(9) Insect-proof storage When the moisture content of the kernels is below 15%, it can be stored. When storing, it should be stored in the warehouse while it is hot, sealed at high temperature for 15-20 days, or fumigated with pharmaceuticals such as grain and phosphorus.

3. Results (1) The full growth period of the traits of the variety was 178 days; it was 3 days longer than that of ordinary peas. The plant height is about 80cm, the plant is gray-green, white flowers, 1-3 branches per plant, 12-18 pods, 4-7 single pods, 1000-grain weight about 200g, the seeds are white, smooth and round.

(B) Economic traits 1. Calculated based on the physiological maturity of pea. â‘  Handle. The average number of pods per acre is 192,400, the number of single fruit is 4.21, 191.4 grams, and the theoretical yield is 156.5 kg; 132 kg. â‘¡ Control. The average number of pods per pod is 165,600, the number of single fruit is 3.87, 189.6 grams, and the theoretical yield is 121.4 kg; 101 kg.

2. Based on fresh beans. According to the 6.66m2 fresh bean harvest test, â‘  treatment. The yield per mu is 872kg. â‘¡ Control. The yield per mu is 676kg.

4. Brief Analysis of Technical and Economic Benefits (1) The average acre output value is 420 yuan for dry peas and 2610 yuan for fresh beans. (2) Control the average acre output value of 320 yuan for dry peas and 2030 yuan for fresh beans. (3) Economic Benefits 1. Internal benefit. Compared with the control, the treatment increased by 31%. 2. Outer benefits. Compared with the two reference ground wheats (average yield of 120 kg per mu and output value of 204 yuan per mu), the average output value per mu: dry peas are 216 yuan higher, an increase of 106%; fresh beans are 2406 yuan higher, an increase of 1180%.

V. Demonstration and Promotion (I) Demonstration Demonstration in 2008 in the Zhuantang Village Zhuanji Village 6 economic cooperatives in more than two Taiwan dry land demonstration, with a total area of ​​172 acres. Precipitation during the growth period was more than 30% lower than the previous year. In the case of severe drought, the average yield of 110 kg of dry peas per mu was good. (2) Promotion Since 2009, the promotion has been carried out in the whole township. By 2010, the area for the promotion of dry land above two Taiwan will reach 926 mu. Due to the smooth weather during the growing period, the average mu yield will be 192 kg. 42% of the area is marketed as fresh bean kernels, with a yield of more than 3,000 yuan per mu, becoming a high-efficiency crop in Xiaochun.

According to local farmers' response, in 2011, grain peas with fresh bean grains will be added to varying degrees.

Practice shows that as long as the high-yield pea cultivation technology is standardized, it is entirely possible to make small grains into a large industry.

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