Spring management techniques of potatoes in large and medium arch sheds during epidemic prevention and control
Spring potatoes in large and medium arch sheds are at the sowing or seedling stage. The following work should be done in management.
1. Variety selection
Select high-yield, high-quality, high-resistance virus-free varieties with short dormancy period, early tuber formation, fast tuber expansion, and strong adaptability, such as Luyin No. 1 and Holland Fifteen. Seed tubers should have the characteristics of this variety, smooth surface, no lesions and no damage.
2. Fertilizing the site
Potatoes are high-yield crops, and deep cultivation is the basis for high and stable yields. You can take deep days or deep ploughing in autumn, and deep ploughing should be no less than 25 cm. The land preparation requires level land, fine soil quality, and solid soil on the soil layer, without roughness. Combined with the preparation of planting furrows, 100-150 kg of high nitrogen and potassium (16-821) compound fertilizer and 100 kg of commercial organic fertilizer are applied per mu of furrows. It can also be applied by general application, 200 kg of high nitrogen and potassium (16-8-21) compound fertilizer per mu, and 150 kg of commercial organic fertilizer. For grubs, ground tigers, golden needle insects and other plots with serious pests, 3% phoxim granules 1.5-2 kg / mu can be used for land preparation.
3. Sowing 1. Seed potato treatment The seed potatoes purchased can be sprouting or sowing without sprouting. Cut into pieces 2 to 3 days before sowing, 50-70 g / piece, and remove sick potatoes and rotten potatoes in time. When cutting potatoes, 75% alcohol or 0.5% potassium permanganate aqueous solution is generally used for knife disinfection. The cut potato pieces are placed in a ventilated and weak light place to dry for 2 to 4 days, and can be planted after the wound is dry and healed. In order to avoid the occurrence of diseases such as black shank disease and ring rot caused by seed tubers, you can use plant ash to mix seeds, evenly soak the plant ash after cutting, and also take 50% carbendazim wettable powder or 70% Antai Raw wettable powders are mixed and seeded.
2. Sowing
Generally, the amount of seeds used per mu is about 220 kg. After the ditch is spread with the base fertilizer, irrigate the water, and cross-seeding the two rows after the water infiltration, the plant spacing is 20-25 cm, and the size row spacing is 80 cm × 60 cm. Poshi base fertilizer is usually sown in a single row of machinery or manually, with a plant row spacing of 70 cm x 18-22 cm. Choose a black and white double-layer mulch with a width of 100 cm or 80 cm and a thickness of 0.008 mm to cover the ridge surface. The mulching film should be flat and tight. If possible, mechanized sowing, ridge formation, drip irrigation tape and mulching film can be used.
3. Overlay on film
The best time to cover the soil with potato mulch is when the top shoots are 2 cm away from the surface, and the thickness of the soil is 3-4 cm. If the ground temperature is high or the later management is simplified, the soil can be directly covered after covering the film. Note that the covering soil should be finely crushed evenly on the ridge surface. If possible, cover the soil for the second time after Qi Miao, with a thickness of 2-4 cm.
4. Field management
In the seedling stage, topdressing is generally not applied. If the bottom moisture is insufficient, irrigation can be carried out once. The amount of irrigation should be as low as possible to avoid lowering the ground temperature. In the potato formation period, combined irrigation and topdressing, if flood irrigation is applied for 20 kg of potassium sulfate, drip irrigation can be washed with water Apply high potassium water soluble fertilizer (such as 16-6-39) 8 ~ 10 kg. In the early stage of potato formation, according to the growth situation, spray with 3000% solution of 0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate + 0.3% urea + 0.01% brassinolide, spray every 7 days, spray 2-3 times in total to promote plant growth Growth and tuber expansion. Stop watering 10 days before harvest.
5. Prevention of plant diseases and insect pests
The main diseases from sowing to seedling stage are blight, bacterial wilt, wilt, etc. Insect pests are ground tiger, grub, and snail, etc., for early blight, 25% azoxystrobin suspension can be used 1500 ~ 2000 times, or more than 40%. Fu · Bromoxynil wettable powder 800 ~ 1000 times liquid, or 80% Fu · Fujin zinc wettable powder 800 ~ 1500 times liquid, spray control on even stems and leaves of water, spray once every 7-10 days; late blight is available 72% manganese-zinc · Crearea wettable powder 600 ~ 800 times liquid or 52.5% oxone · Crearea cyanide water dispersible granules 1500 ~ 2000 times liquid spray control; wilt disease can use 20% leaf cumin wettable powder or 3 % Zhongshengmycin wettable powder 600 ~ 800 times liquid spray control; Fusarium wilt can be used with 5% salicylamine wettable powder 300 ~ 500 times liquid or 5% acrylic acid · fungal mildew · metal cream liquid 800 ~ 1000 times liquid Spray control. In addition to the basal phoxim granules for the prevention and control of underground pests, if insects are found in the growth period, use 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate 800-1500 times or 50% propofol emulsifiable concentrate 1000-2000 times, and irrigate the roots with water.
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