Cultivation technology of pollution-free Chinese cabbage

1 Seed selection and seeding

According to the morphology, it is divided into three types: oval, round head and straight type; according to the maturation time of cabbage, it is divided into early maturity and mid-late maturity. Vegetable farmers such as No. 9 and Jincai No. 3 should select suitable high-yield, cold-resistant, disease-resistant and storage-resistant varieties according to the actual situation. Chinese cabbage is generally planted 3 to 5 days before and after Liqiu. If the temperature is high that year, planting can be postponed until mid-August; for some late-maturing varieties with long growth cycles, early planting can be planted, and those with short growth cycles can be delayed.

2 Prepare the border

The root system of Chinese cabbage is distributed in the shallow soil layer. It is necessary to carry out deep ploughing before winter and shallow ploughing before sowing on the planting area, which can promote the root growth of Chinese cabbage. Combined with deep ploughing, organic fertilizer 60-70t / hm², diammonium phosphate 200-300kg / hm2 and potassium sulfate 75-150kg / hm2 are applied to provide fertilizer for the growth of Chinese cabbage. Flat land is mostly used in places with poor soil conditions, such as saline land; high ridges are used in places with good soil conditions, which is conducive to centralized management, convenient irrigation and drainage, and alleviation of pests and diseases. 50-60cm.

3 planting

There are two main ways of planting Chinese cabbage: direct seeding and seedling transplanting. Direct seeding can avoid the occurrence of damage to the root system and damage to the leaves due to transplanting seedlings. The direct seeding cabbage has the advantages of good root growth, strong adaptability to the environment, good disease resistance, and high yield. Plus direct broadcast can save manpower, so most cabbages The planting is live broadcast. The live broadcast is divided into broken sowing and sowing. Broken sowing means that a shallow trench with a depth of 1cm and a length of 10-15cm is opened according to the row spacing of the cabbage, and 10-15 seeds are planted in each ditch and then covered with soil; sowing means sowing Cabbage rows are separated by shallow trenches with a depth of 1 cm, and the seeds are evenly scattered in the trenches, and then covered with soil to suppress.

4 Field management

4.1 Seedling management

Seedling management mainly includes thinning, supplementing seedlings, fixing seedlings, and cultivating soil for Chinese cabbage seedlings. In order to prevent overcrowding caused by excessive seedlings, the seedlings of Chinese cabbage after sowing should be thinned in time, generally when the cross and 2 or 3 leaves are pulled. Selection of seedlings When seedlings are 5-6 leaves, according to the variety of cabbage, water and fertilizer conditions, select the appropriate plant spacing for seedlings. The mid-cultivation, soil-cultivation and weeding can be carried out when the seedlings are fixed, and the tillage is mainly carried out after the seedlings of 2-3 leaves, after the seedlings are fixed, and after the rosette. If the cabbage is cultivated with high ridges, weeding should follow the principles of deep ditch and shallow back. Combine soil cultivation with weeding.

4.2 Water and fertilizer management

The water and fertilizer management of Chinese cabbage is mainly carried out in the germination stage, seedling stage, rosette stage and heading stage of Chinese cabbage. During the germination period, in order to prevent the phenomenon of dry buds and steamed buds due to drought and other reasons, the management of water and fertilizers should be strengthened, and the principle of "three waters and all seedlings" shall prevail. In the seedling stage, the root system of the seedling is underdeveloped, and the water absorption capacity is weak. You can properly water the seedling and the seedling to keep the soil moist. At the same time, combine the watering and apply urea 90-105kg / hm2 to provide fertilizer for the growth of the seedling. In the rosette period, the moisture content of the soil should be controlled before the rosette of Chinese cabbage. The soil is subject to dryness and wetness. Pour water once in the middle of the rosette and apply rotten chicken manure 7500kg / hm2 or rotten cake fertilizer 1500kg / hm2 and urea in the rosette period. 150kg / hm2 mixed fertilizer. During the heading period, when the cabbage enters the heading period, the squatting should be stopped, and water should be poured every 7-8 days, and an appropriate amount of organic fertilizer should be applied in combination with watering to ensure the normal growth of Chinese cabbage [2-3].

5 Pest control

5.1 Disease control

The prevention and treatment of white spot disease is mainly through the selection of disease-free seeds and the implementation of rotation for more than 2 years. At the initial stage of disease, 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder 600-800 times dilution can be sprayed, or 50% carbendazim 800 —100 times dilution. The prevention and treatment of black spot disease can be reduced by turning the land to reduce the source of the disease, increase soil fertility, and improve disease resistance. It can be controlled with 600-800 times of 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder. For the prevention and treatment of anthracnose, the seeds can be immersed in warm water at 50 ° C for 20 minutes before sowing, which can effectively prevent the disease. At the initial stage of the disease, they can be sprayed with 800% dilution of 50% carbendazim wettable powder. For the prevention and control of soft rot disease, high ridge direct seeding can effectively prevent the occurrence of the disease. Streptomycin sulfate or agricultural streptomycin can be sprayed at the early stage of the disease for prevention and treatment. It can be sprayed every 7-9 days, and 150 mg of streptomyces is added to 1 kg of water Prime. In the early stage of the prevention and treatment of downy mildew, 25% metalaxyl wettable powder 800 times liquid dilution or 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder 500 times liquid spray can be used for prevention and treatment; viral disease can be controlled by spraying every 5-7 days 0.3% Sophora flavescens plant insecticide was used for control once.

5.2 Pest control

Chinese cabbage insect pests mainly include yellow stripe beetle, vegetable aphid and cabbage worm, etc., and can be controlled by selecting insect-resistant varieties, weeding, plowing the soil and introducing natural enemies. When insect pests occur, they can be controlled by spraying some chemical reagents. Different pests need to be controlled with different chemical reagents. Yellow beetle jumping can be controlled by spraying 90% of trichlorfon 1000 times liquid, or 2.5% deltamethrin 2500 times liquid; cabbage worms and vegetable aphids can be sprayed with 0.3% sophora plant insecticide 500-1000 Times fluid.

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