Pruning techniques for citrus of different tree ages
According to different citrus tree ages, citrus pruning is divided into young tree pruning, initial fruit tree pruning, fruit tree pruning, and aging tree pruning.
1. Pruning of young trees
This stage is called sapling after the citrus tree is planted and before it is put into production. The characteristics of young trees are their strong growth potential, which is mainly based on pumping branches, cultivating backbone branches, expanding crowns, and cultivating tree shapes. On the basis of cultivating the tree shape, light shearing is the main method, and try to keep the available branches as supplementary branches. Wipe the buds one year before putting into production, cultivate the autumn shoots to produce the mother branches, and promote the differentiation of the flower buds so that they can achieve early results.
1. Sparsely cut useless branches: cut off diseased and insect branches and long branches that disturb the shape of the tree, and properly thin out a few dense and weak branches to reduce the consumption of nutrients and the spread of diseases and pests.
2. Top shoots in summer and autumn: young trees that have not been put into production can use summer and autumn shoots to cultivate backbone branches and accelerate the expansion of tree crowns. Keep 8-10 leaves at the base of overgrown summer shoots and autumn shoots to promote thickening and branching as soon as possible. However, the autumn shoot mother branches released one year before the start of production cannot be topped, so as not to affect the amount of flowers in the coming year.
3. Spreading buds: After the young trees are planted, buds can be spread in the summer, and the vigorous summer and autumn shoots can be placed 1 or 2 times to accelerate growth and expand the crown.
4. Removal of flower buds: The young tree's crown is weak and the accumulation of nutrients is insufficient. Premature flowering will inhibit the expansion of the crown and cause premature aging. Therefore, the flower buds pumped before being put into production should be removed early to save tree nutrition and promote plant growth. The sooner the flower buds are removed, the better. Repeated removal of the flower buds 2 to 3 times can completely remove them.
Second, the pruning of the initial result tree
The period from 1 year before the fruiting of the citrus young tree to the full fruiting period (3 to 6 years after planting) is called the initial fruiting young tree. During this period, the canopy is still slowly expanding, the growth is still strong, and the pruning reaction is also obvious. In order to cultivate the canopy as soon as possible to increase the yield, the pruning is still dominated by light shearing in addition to the continued cultivation of the tree shape. Pay attention to cultivating mother-bearing branches with good results, and keep enough flowers per year to increase yield. As the tree age increases, the yield increases, and the amount of pruning also increases year by year.
1. Wiping shoots: on the one hand, it is to wipe out the summer shoots, to improve the fruit setting rate of the young tree, on the other hand, to shoot the shoots at the right time, and cultivate excellent fruiting branches.
2. Short-cut extended branches: Combined with tree-shaped cultivation, the extended branches are shortened until the crown expands to the planned size, and then retracted and pruned after the results.
3. Continue to top the summer and autumn shoots: For the summer and autumn shoots that have grown too long, leave 8 to 10 leaves at the base for topping to promote their thickening and branching as soon as possible. For the grown summer shoots, cut them 15 to 20 days before the fall shoots, and cultivate the fruiting branches.
4. Short-cut fruiting branches and flowering and fruiting branches: Short-cut fruiting and flowering fruiting branches in winter, promote strong spring shoots, and cultivate good fruiting mother branches. Strong branches are less short cut, weak branches are heavy short cut or thinly sheared.
5. Rotation and compression pruning of branch groups: For the branch groups that have already produced, the base branches are cut short in the spring to germinate, so that the nutrient branches are drawn. After the result, retract and trim again. This alternate rotation can maintain even flowering results year after year and achieve the goal of high yield and stable yield.
3. Pruning of fruit trees
During the fruit-bearing period, the vegetative growth and reproductive growth of the tree tend to be balanced, and the canopy can grow up and down, and the yield can increase year by year. Spring shoots dominate. Results The branch group gradually declined after a large number of results, and it was easy to form the phenomenon of large and small years. At this time, the result branch group was trimmed and updated in time, and the result mother branch was cultivated to maintain the ratio of the nutrient branch to the flower and fruit branch to prolong the high yield period. Therefore, the bud removal and topping treatment are required in summer, and the combination of thinning and retraction is adopted in winter to increase the amount of pruning year by year. Keep the growth of shoots and fruits as balanced as possible to prevent the phenomenon of large and small years.
4. Pruning of aging trees
Trees that are too densely planted, damaged by pests and diseases, poorly managed, or aging with age, have poor branching power and few results. As long as the management of fertilizer and water is strengthened, the prevention and control of diseases and insect pests are carried out, the pruning is carried out to promote the new shoots of the hidden buds, and the tree vigor can be restored. Recut and retract to the backbone branches to promote the emergence of new shoots, and then wipe off the extra branches in time, take the topping or long shoots for topping treatment, and re-cultivate the new canopy.
Pruning is a very important link in the management of citrus trees, so growers must pay attention and do a good job of pruning.
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