Asparagus cultivation techniques
First, cultivation mode
1. The quail-style single-leaf asparagus mustard. This is the main form of cultivation, and most of them are cultivated asparagus 3 times in autumn, winter, and spring, and a small number of annual trusses do not come ashore.
2. Gracilaria and kelp Rotating. Cultivation of asparagus in September-December, cultivation of kelp in December-April, cultivation of asparagus in April-July, cultivation of asparagus in July-September.
3. Gracilaria and oyster-style rotation. The pleated oysters were hung in the summer, autumn and winter seasons. After the oysters were harvested in the winter and spring, they were cultivated with 1 茬 -2 龙.
Second, asparagus cultivation techniques
1. Sea area choice. 1 Substrate: In addition to uneven rock bottoms. 2 Depth of water: The water depth of 2.0m or more below the tide line in winter. 3 Wind waves and currents: At present, due to the strong farming equipment and strong wind and wave resistance, it can be cultivated in sea areas where the trend is more urgent, and sea areas with smaller wind waves are required to have a smooth flow. 4 Water quality: The water quality in the South China Sea area is generally more fertile, as long as the proportion of seawater in the sea area is above 1.018 during the breeding season, and there is no serious pollution from industrial wastewater.
2. Sea area layout. Requires a "goods" arrangement.
3. Truss setting
(1) Positioning piling. Since the asparagus must be produced in the south in order to avoid the typhoon period during the high temperature season, the main factor that considers the trend is the tide, and it should be as far downstream as possible. After determining the position of the dice, determine the length and distance between the piles. The length of the body is 50m--65m, and the pure length of the anchor cable is 2 to 3 times the water depth at full tide. The horizontal distance between two piles of a rake is 2 times the length of the body length plus the other side of the right triangle formed by the anchor cable and the water depth. The distance between the two rafts is the pile spacing between adjacent piles. Different farming patterns are different, some 2.5m--3.0m, some 4.5m--5.5m, so that the pile can be determined Bit.
Pile-based materials vary depending on the quality of the seabed. Sandy and muddy sea areas should use approximately 13cm in diameter and 2m in length for piles; in the sea area at the bottom of the sand, a diameter of 16cm and a length of more than 3m should be selected as piles; in the muddy bottom area, 50kg--100kg of iron should be thrown. anchor. Note that the end of the bamboo must be open to bamboo, and its length accounts for about 1/3 of the full length. With the exception of iron anchors, all piles are drilled at the top so that the pile ropes can be tied.
(2) squat. Before squatting, the anchor cable should be connected with the pile rope, and the floating rope must be tied with the sling and the corresponding float every 50cm--60cm, and the horizontal rope must be reinforced on both sides of each cell rig. The float rope, the horizontal rope and the anchor cable are connected, and the loosely-divided curtains are then arranged so that the spacing is the same, which constitutes a single type truss. The tightness of the truss should be kept at the maximum height and relaxation.
(3) Materials for each plot (about 3 mu). In addition to the pile foundations, there are 2160--2800 silk polyethylene floating ropes, horizontal ropes, 180-wire polyethylene ropes, and 2800--3600-wire polyethylene pile ropes, anchor cables, and floats.
4. Take seedlings, clamp seedlings, hanging seedlings
(1) Time. When the water temperature drops to 27°C, it is about from late September to early October.
(2) Miao Sheng. 180 silk - 360 silk polyethylene rope, there are 3 shares of 3 flowers, 3 shares of 6 flowers in two forms, the twist of the seedling rope must be appropriate, easy to lose seedlings too loose, too easy to hurt the seedlings. The seedlings should be treated a few days before seedling separation. That is, the new seedlings should be soaked in water for 1 day. The old seedlings should be disinfected and washed with 200ppm bleach.
(3) Take seedlings. Since the growth rate of the asparagus base is slower than that of the top, in addition to the selection of asparagus grows well, the color is purple, and the amount of algae is less, the base algae is not used as a seedling as much as possible. Keep the algae dry and temperature above 30°C during transport.
(4) folder seedlings. Clustering should be used. The amount of seedlings was 50g asparagus per meter of seedlings. After removing the algae (brassica oleracea, etc.), the asparagus seedlings were about 5g in diameter and passed through the seedlings at a distance of about 5g--10cm. Clamp a cluster of seedlings, should be clamped in the middle of the seedlings, both ends exposed 5cm - 6cm. When clamping, prevent sun exposure and dried algae to prevent dehydration of the algae and exceed temperature limits.
(5) hanging seedlings. Connect the ends of the clipped seedling ropes to the slings on the float.
5. Cultivation management
(1) Water regulation. The adjustment of the cultivated water layer actually regulates the light absorption of asparagus. Gracilaria is a good light seaweed, slow growth in excessively weak light, but excessive light has an inhibitory effect on growth, and even the pigment is faded and yellowed by the decomposition of sunlight. If it is not adjusted in time, it will become white and fall off.
(2) Adjust the truss. In addition to properly increasing or decreasing buoyancy, it is necessary to make up the broken rope in time; always pay attention to checking the firmness of the trusses, and make sure that the tightness of each rake is consistent and uniform requirements are required to ensure the safety of production. The asparagus must be uniformly lighted. .
(3) Fertilization. The water quality in the South China Sea area is fertile, and it is generally not used for fertilization. However, in some seasons, when the nutrients in local sea areas are insufficient, bagging and fertilization should be considered.
6. Harvesting and drying
After 2 months to 3 months of growth, the growth of Asparagus officinale is more than 100 times. At this time, the algae is thicker and the color is purple. When the rice seedlings reach 3kg per meter, they can be harvested. It is not advisable to harvest prematurely unless pests and diseases are severely harvested because of the low amount of gum that has been harvested. The harvest should be carried ashore together with the seedlings. It is not appropriate to retain the base by harvesting. Choose sunny mornings to ensure that the asparagus can be exposed in time without deterioration. If you don't dry on the first day, you must dry it the next day for bagging.
Third, there are problems and suggestions
1. Serious pests. From 2000 to 2001, almost no pests caused serious damage to the algae when small-scale production of Asparagus was carried out. Since the spring of 2002, the insect pests in Neiwanli District first attacked, and gradually developed into other areas, even outside. In the sea area there are also pest threats. At the onset of insect pests, there are insect cuts in the algae, causing serious shedding and even incomplete harvesting. The pests are mainly pelagic otters, and their reproduction speed is rapid. The number of pests is alarming. Winter 2002 even threatened the normal production of kelp. The reason for the occurrence of pests is that the cultivation of asparagus has provided a good habitat for pests. Especially in the summer, the risottos and even asparagus species are kept on the sea, resulting in good conditions for the year round. Habitat and palatable food creatures. Therefore, in order to greatly reduce the impact of pests such as swiftly floating leeches on the growth of Gracilaria, it is necessary to consider the fallow method for sea algae banned in the sea during the high-temperature period (typhoon period). Mustard one kind).
2. Local disease is bad. In the spring of 2002, the disease began to appear in some areas. The bases and branches of the diseased algae were mostly white dots, hollow or light yellow dots. Some of the algae were yellow-green, and the color of diseased algae was not bright. The shedding of algae is more perishable. The cause of illness is caused by many factors, but the main factors are: 1 quality deterioration. Gracilaria is a kind of vegetatively propagated seaweed. After it has been cultivated in the southern sea area (especially in summer, high temperature), it affects its physiological metabolism and its ability to resist stress declines. Once the environment is not suitable, it will easily cause disease. 2 changes in light. During the transition from winter to spring, the intensity of light often mutates. If the water layer is not adjusted in time, it will cause physiological changes. 3 The density is too large. Due to the good growth benefits of the first few crops of Gracilaria lemaneiformis, the excessive breeding density, poor water flow, and lack of local nutrients in the sea area have affected the normal growth of Gracilaria lemaneiformis and reduced the disease resistance. 4 seedlings are not scientific. At present, most farmers believe that increasing seedlings can increase unit yields. The amount of shoots for seedlings for aquaculture is several times that of technical regulations. This results in seedlings being densely packed. Even some fish farmers are not single seedlings. It is even a cluster of seedlings, resulting in a large difference in the light-tolerance of each cluster of asparagus inside and outside, and it is easily rot.
To reduce the occurrence of leek and mustard, we must: 1 improve germplasm. Each year, Gracilaria lemaneiformis is introduced from the north and a seed expansion base is established. During the second crop production, Gracilaria nouvelles not to be used in the south is used to maintain the original germplasm of Gracilaria, and at the same time, every few years Then artificial breeding of primary species of asparagus 1 time. 2 rational layout. In Xinghua Bay, where the layout of farming is reasonable, the disease is poor and the pests are also low. 3 Scientific management. Not only should the seedlings be regulated, but also the water layer should be regulated frequently. Especially when the weather changes suddenly, the asparagus grows more slowly and grows slowly from the water surface. It should not be exposed to strong light for a long time. At the same time, when the nutrients in the local sea area are insufficient, ammonium fertilizer can be applied, and the ammonium fertilizer has a certain repellent effect on the pests.
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