Deer Disease Prevention

First, the infectious disease tuberculosis pathogen: Mycobacterium tuberculosis is divided into three types, namely, cattle, human and poultry. In addition to all types of animal susceptibility to the species, other animals and humans can be infected. Deer tuberculosis is mostly cattle.
Symptoms: The symptoms are not uniform because of the damage. Tuberculosis showed cough, first for dry cough and wet cough. Mandibular lymph node tuberculosis showed unilateral or bilateral masses of the mandible, and the incision of visible grape bunches was performed surgically. Intestinal tuberculosis showed repeated snoring. After suffering from tuberculosis, it generally showed progressive wasting, anemia, and a shortened life span.
Diagnosis: mainly granulomas or caseous calcification nodules in any tissue or organ. Clinical symptoms and pathological anatomy can be used as a reference for initial diagnosis. The diagnosis must be performed in the laboratory.
Treatment: Poor or low-yield can be eliminated; Isoniazid and streptomycin treatment available for use. Isoniazid 8 mg per kilogram of body weight, streptomycin 20 mg, 2 times a day, treatment should persist for several months.
Prevention: The healthy deer group and the newborn deer are vaccinated with BCG vaccine (3 days after the birth of the deer), regardless of whether the deer or the deer are injected with 0.375 mg of BCG vaccine intradermally once a year for 3 consecutive years.
Pasteurellosis is characterized by an inflammatory bleeding process. This disease presents two types of outbreaks or sporadic cases. Typhoid is more harmful.
Pathogens: Pasteurella multocida, Coctobacillus with rounded ends, Gram-negative. It is pathogenic to a wide variety of animals and humans, and it can be caused by fall or fall in autumn, winter or long-distance transport.
Symptoms: The incubation period is 1-5 days. Acute septic type, sick deer body temperature rise to above 41 °C, difficulty breathing, rapid heartbeat, conjunctival hyperemia, visible mucosal bleeding. Dry nose, depressed, unresponsive. Loss of appetite, rumination, feces dry, thin or bloody. Mouth and nose discharge pink foamy liquid. 1-3 days of death.
Chest mainly manifested as respiratory urge, head stretched forward, mouth spit foam and rhinorrhea, usually 5-6 days of death.
Diagnosis: Initial diagnosis based on clinical symptoms. Conditionally available blood or spleen smears or contact lenses, stained microscopic examination, see the dark color of the poletobacter, can be initially diagnosed. The final diagnosis must be determined by laboratory culture of bacteria.
Treatment: penicillin has a significant effect on this disease, the dose should be large, adult deer each time 2 million units, 2 times a day. Sulfonamides and tetracycline, kanamycin, and gentamicin all have better results. Severe disease deer should use symptomatic treatment such as cardiac agitation, analgesia, and sedation. At the same time, drug prevention must also be performed for the entire population.
Prevention: strengthen feeding management and regularly disinfect the pens. Available cattle defeated aluminum hydroxide seedlings for deer above 1 year old, inoculated intramuscularly every 7-8 months, with a dose of 100 ml deer 6 ml, 4 kg below 100 kg. Necrobacillosis The disease is a chronic infectious disease in which deers are most susceptible. Occurrence often due to traumatic infection.
Pathogens: The necrotic bacilli widely exist in nature and can be found in animal farms, contaminated swamps and soils. The bacterium is a polymorphic gram-negative bacillus. Deer incidence is higher than that of female deer, which is mainly caused by traumatic infection caused by sexual impulse during breeding period. Symptoms: Suffering deer is commonly caused by limping in the limbs of the extremities. The swelling of the hooves, ulcers, thickening, and necrosis spread throughout the entire limb. Severe spread to the abdominal cavity, necrosis of the visceral tissue.
Diagnosis: Initial diagnosis based on clinical symptoms. The final diagnosis is through laboratory tests.
Treatment: Locally remove necrotic lesions and wash the affected area thoroughly with 1% potassium permanganate or 3% hydrogen peroxide solution. Inject 10% iodine or 10% formalin into the affected area fistula. Local treatment once daily, systemic treatment with penicillin, streptomycin, ampicillin, oxytetracycline, tetracycline, sulfonamides and the like.
Prevention: regularly disinfect, ensure that the ground of the house is level and reduce hoof damage.
E. coli disease mainly occurs in deer and young deer, with gastrointestinal inflammation as the main feature, often causing deer white deer.
Pathogens: E. coli is a gram-negative bacillus with a wide variety of species that are widespread in nature. Pathogenic E. coli can cause animal disease, about 200 kinds, and it is 0.7 k.
Symptoms: The sick man's diarrhea is white, stench, and the body temperature rises to sleep at 39-41.5°C. Subsequently, the body temperature dropped below 37°C and died of dehydration and poisoning. The bred deer is isolated from the colony. Dry stool and diarrhea occur alternately, sometimes with blood.
Diagnosis: Initial diagnosis can be made based on symptoms.
Treatment: antibacterial drugs are sulfamethoxazole, gentamycin, chloramphenicol, furazolidone, norfloxacin, etc.; drugs to promote digestion are lactase, pepsin; antacids can be used baking soda. In the treatment should pay attention to symptomatic comprehensive treatment, cardiac rehydration, anti-bacterial anti-inflammatory, prevent acidosis.
Prevention: mainly to strengthen the disinfection of the delivery room and housing.
Tetanus This disease is a communicable and traumatic infectious disease of humans and animals. It is characterized by persistent muscle spasm contractions, and multiple sporadic cases occur.
Pathogen: Tetanus bacillus is gram-positive bacillus. The pathogen is extremely resistant to the outside world, and it can tolerate 1-3 hours in boiling water, and it can maintain its vigor in the dark for more than 10 years. The deer field shearing ear, sawdust, delivery, broken umbilicus, surgery, trauma, and male deer fighting during the breeding period are all susceptible to disease.
Symptoms: The average incubation period is 1-2 weeks, short one day, long one month or more. Symptoms gradually became apparent after the illness. The muscles of the body were paralyzed, and the jaws were closed. The station stood like a trojan and the third eyelid protruded. The symptoms were even more pronounced when exposed to sound and light.
Eruption: According to the above special symptoms can basically determine the disease.
Treatment: The deer should be placed in a light-protected lap, and pampas grass should be added to strengthen the care and make it rest quietly.
The tetanus toxin is used for specific treatment. Adult deer is injected intravenously at 20,000 units and the same dose is used for subcutaneous injection. According to the condition once a day or every other day. Combined with symptomatic treatment, antispasmodic solution can be intravenously administered with 25% magnesium sulfate 40-60 ml of glycosylated saline, chlorpromazine, chloral hydrate, and diazepam can also be used; the lesion is repeatedly washed with 3% hydrogen peroxide, the wound is opened, and the wound is opened Immersed in iodine or formalin. Antibiotics can be used twice daily for penicillin and streptomycin.
Liver fluke is one of the main parasitic diseases of deer. Adult parasites in the bile duct cause acute and chronic hepatitis, cholangitis, and severely damage animal health.
Pathogens: fresh worms are brownish red, leafy, 2-3 cm long, 0.5-1 cm wide, hermaphrodite. The eggs enter the intestine with the bile and are excreted from the body, and the hairs are hatched in the environment of 15-30°C for 2-3 weeks. In the water, miracidia enters the body of the vertebrate snail through the aphid, thunder, and cercariae. The cercariae leave the screw to form a capsule on the grass. Capsules can be infected when eaten by deer.
Symptoms: No obvious symptoms when mild infection, severe deer weight loss, constipation and diarrhea alternating, indigestion, jaundice, anemia, rough hair, loss of appetite, body condition deteriorates.
Diagnosis: laboratory fecal examination can be found eggs oval golden oval, egg cover at one end, full of yolk cells in the middle.
Treatment: Sulfodidichlorophenol (Bestin), 60 mg per kilogram body weight once orally, can also be used 3-4 ml of carbon tetrachloride per 100 kg body weight, intramuscular injection.
Prevention: eliminate the middle host vertebral real screw, improve water and grass hygiene.
Cysticercosis This disease is caused by the larvae of the vesicular tapeworm parasitic on the intermediate host.
Pathogens: The vesicular tapeworm intermediate host parasitic stage is a fine-necked cysticercus, a vesicle-like sac, filled with a transparent liquid, as small as soy beans, much like eggs, and an opaque milky white section of the cyst wall. Adults parasitize in the body of dogs, wolves, foxes, badgers, bears, and cats. They fall out of the body and become excreted as a result of pregnancy. Deer eats and infects.
Symptoms: The larvae often infest the liver, omentum, and mesentery. It can cause symptoms of acute hepatitis, jaundice, and weakness when migrating to the liver. It can cause abdominal inflammation and increased body temperature when it migrates to the omentum and mesentery.
Diagnosis and treatment: There is no effective method.
Prevention: Stop animals such as wild dogs and cats from entering the deer farm. Strengthen deer's deworming and excrement treatment to eliminate infection.
Second, the cause of surgical trauma: due to disputes, Sawgrass, adjustment ring, and other misuse of the production period of the occurrence of trauma.
Symptoms: Pain, bleeding, and dysfunction in the affected area. Its condition depends on the size of the depth of the wound, and severe systemic symptoms can occur. Rapid heartbeat, shock, pelvic blood or secondary bacterial infection and elevated body temperature.
Treatment: General surgery, such as hemostasis, suture, anti-inflammatory, injection of tetanus vaccine. Dog bite injection of rabies vaccine.
Prevention: The ground is required to be flat and the production process is not to be rough, and everything is possible to avoid injury. A male and female mating method can reduce conjugal trauma.
Abscess This disease is the formation of a cavity filled with pus in the tissue.
Cause: All kinds of mechanical damage can be caused by purulent bacterial infection. Infections on the surface of the body can lead to metastatic abscesses in the gut. Sterility caused by chemical drugs is less common.
Symptoms: surface pus seed, see the surface of the protrusion, the initial local red, swollen, heat, pain, touch the sense of maturity after the fluctuation. Visceral abscesses often present with systemic symptoms that can cause severe sepsis.
Diagnosis: Superficial touches have a sense of volatility, deeper samples can be punctured. Visceral abscess is not easy to diagnose.
Treatment: Inflammation drugs are initially closed and topical application of anti-inflammatory drugs is used in the early stages of inflammation; in the middle stage, abscesses should be promoted to mature; later, pus should be cut open. The incision site should be below the abscess to facilitate drainage. After pus drainage, 3% hydrogen peroxide or 0.5% potassium permanganate solution was used to clean the abscess and remove necrotic tissue. For the greater abscess can be filled with iodine or gargle gauze drainage.
Prevention: The detection of trauma should be promptly handled to eliminate blood-sucking insects.
Organophosphorus poisoning causes: The deer mistakenly eats organic phosphorus and has a pesticide.
Symptoms: abdominal pain, diarrhea, foaming at the mouth, muscle spasms, tremors in the extremities, movement disorders, respiratory paralysis, heart failure and death.
Diagnosis: According to clinical symptoms, etiological investigations, and collection of materials for identification.
Treatment: Use two types of drugs. One is acetylcholine blocker (atropine); the other is cholinesterase reactivator, such as pralidoxime, clofloxacin, and double complex phosphorus. The combined effect of the two drugs is better. Dosage, adult deer atropine 20-30 mg, pralidoxime 3-4 grams, combined with symptomatic treatment.
Prevention: The detection of trauma should be promptly handled to eliminate blood-sucking insects.
Nitrite Poisoning This disease is a methemoglobin disorder characterized by high levels of hypoxia.
Etiology: Feed with high nitrate content, such as cabbage, sweet potato vine, sugar beet and other green and juicy feeds, can produce nitrite for a long time. In the rumen, nitrate can also be converted to nitrite. Deer heavily eats such green Can cause disease.
Symptoms: Onset 4-12 hours after eating. Sick deer muscles convulsions, difficulty breathing, weakness in the limbs, visible mucous membranes, walking wobbles, cast or foaming.
Diagnosis: A few hours after eating, blood coagulation is the main feature of red-based disease.
Treatment: 8 mg of methylene blue per kilogram of body weight, combined with glucose and vitamin C, to improve efficacy.
Prevention: Green feed should not be piled up too long, nor can green feed be overdose.
Gastroenteritis is a process of inflammatory lesions in gastrointestinal tissues.
Causes: Improper fodder deployment, feed on moldy feeds, unequal hunger and feed, excessive feed conversion, pre-gastric disease, and certain infectious diseases can all contribute to the disease.
Symptoms: Loss of appetite, restlessness, diarrhea, drooping of both ears, dry nose, rumination, fecal odor.
Diagnosis: A preliminary diagnosis can be made based on the above symptoms, but it cannot be determined whether it is caused by an infectious disease.
Treatment: fasting for 1-2 days. Internal administration of furazolidone, 1-10 mg/kg body weight, 2-3 times per day; Norfloxacin, Berberine, Sulfamethoxime, Chloramphenicol, Gentamicin, etc. are also available

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