Initial processing technology of Xiaoxiang pigskin
First, cleaning is to remove skin sludge, feces, residual meat, fat, hoof, tail, bone, etc. to prevent the presence of these things cause skin decay and deterioration. The method of cleaning up is to manually remove hooves, tails, bones, etc., and then remove the residual meat and fat from the skin with a meat peeler or spatula knife, and then wash the dirt and blood on the skin with clean water.
Second, anti-corrosion grasp the principle is: reduce the temperature, remove water, use antiseptic substances to limit the role of bacteria and enzymes for preservation, in production can be used anti-corrosion storage methods are:
1. Drying method: The fresh skin is dried to a moisture content of 12% to 16% without using salt or other preservatives. When the water content of raw hides drops to about 15%, it is not conducive to bacterial growth, and it can temporarily inhibit the activity of microorganisms to achieve the purpose of preservation. When drying, natural drying is generally used. If there is a large amount of fresh skin, it can be dried in a drying room. When naturally dry, put the fresh flesh outwards in a ventilated place and avoid exposure to strong sunlight. In order to avoid excessively high temperatures, the surface water is lost, uneven drying is selected, and conditions are created for bacterial growth. Gelation of the protein in the skin layer can also be avoided. During the soaking and liming process, the phenomenon of layering or delamination can be avoided. Or break, produce "oil burn", damage the cortex. Dried skin can be packaged and stored immediately. After the skin is dried, the area is reduced by 30% to 40%, and the moisture content is about 15%.
2. Salting method: the use of dry salt or salt water to deal with fresh skin, salt to take away skin moisture, made in a hypertonic environment, inhibit bacterial growth and development, so as to achieve anti-corrosion purposes. The principle of salting is that the salt is first dissolved in the water on the surface of the skin to form a saturated aqueous solution. Because the specific gravity of the salt solution is greater than the specific gravity of the skin, the salt solution gradually penetrates into the skin and the free water is discharged onto the surface. The salt is dissolved to form a thicker salt solution and penetrates into the skin. This process of dissolution and infiltration continues until the concentration of intra- and extra-pigment saline is equal. This method is the most common and reliable method for preventing skin decay and does not affect the inherent natural qualities of hides. However, only salted salt is correct and the stacking skin is suitable for long-term preservation of salted skin. This method is divided into dry pickling and brine pickling. Dry salting (sprinkling salt or directly adding salt) is to sprinkle clean salt powder directly on the surface of fresh skin. The amount of salt is about 25% to 35% of the tare weight. When spreading raw hides, all creases and bends must be flattened, flattened, sprinkled salt evenly over the entire meat surface, and spread thickly. Then lay a hide on the skin and do the same. In this way, layers are piled up and piled up to 1 to 1.5 meters in size. Salting time is 6-8 days. The salt water-salting method is a method in which fresh skin that has been primarily treated and drained is weighed and sorted by weight, and the skin is then immersed in a cement pond containing salt water (with a salt concentration of not less than 25%). After a day and night, they were taken out and drained for 2 days before accumulation. When stacked, sprinkle 25% dry salt.
When immersing salt, the temperature should be maintained at about 15°C for quality assurance. In order to prevent salt spots, 4% sodium bicarbonate can be added to salt.
3. Salt dry method: It is a combination of salting and drying methods, that is, salting and then drying, with a moisture content of about 20% is appropriate. This method has the advantages of strong anti-corrosion, and avoids defects such as hardening fracture when the hide is dry. This method is suitable for anti-corrosion of Xiaoxiang pigskin when the weather is hot. After processing the hides, the weight is reduced by about 50% and the storage time can be greatly extended.
4. Salt method: This method uses raw salt, ammonium chloride, and lead alum to treat raw hides with a mixture of certain proportions. This method is not only suitable for the preservation of raw pig hide skin, but also suitable for the preservation of raw materials such as sheep skin. The mixing ratio of the mixture is: salt 85%, ammonium chloride 7.5%, lead alum 7.5%. The method is to spread the mixture evenly on the rind's flesh side and rub it a little. Then the hairs are folded outwards into a square shape, and they can be accumulated for about 7 days.
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