Early summer grain rust
2019-07-24 15:05:11
Millet rust is one of the major diseases in summer valley. It has occurred in various parts of the country in recent years, especially in mountain areas. In general, the diseased plant is 15% to 40%, and when the disease is replanted, the disease rate is 100%, and the yield loss is 12% to 20%, or even higher.
First, the symptoms and the incidence of rust disease mainly leaves the leaves, leaf sheaths can also be the disease. In the early onset of the disease, irregularly distributed rust-colored, near-round uredia spores were formed on the leaves, and rust-like uredia spores were formed after rupture. Late scattered gray and black oval small spots, that is, the winter worm spores. When the leaves are repetitive, the leaves are dry, the grains are thin, and even the whole plant withers.
The pathogenic winterspores on the diseased body are overwintering, and the summer spores can also be overwintering. The wintery summer spores can survive for 8 to 11 months in a humid environment or in the soil. The field of grain rust falls from late July to early August and enters the mid-August period. It enters the end of the harvest from the end of August to the end of September. At this time, the rate of diseased plants and the rate of diseased leaves reached the peak, respectively, and the severity rose sharply. As of mid-September, there were dead leaves and dead plants in the field, and the fall was serious.
Second, the reasons for the occurrence of summer grain rust prevalence and the 7-September rainfall was positively related. For example, if the rainfall is moderate from July to August, there will be more than 30 millimeters of rainfall at the beginning of September. The initial stage of grouting will be heavy, and vice versa. Low-lying, gully, and damp land masses are heavy, hilly and dry terraces are lightly diseased, and there is a regular pattern of decline from gully to hillside. The field density is high, the growth is good, the disease is heavy, the density is small, and the incidence of poor growth is light; the condition with good water and fertilizer is heavy, but the incidence is light. The disease resistance of the varieties is different, such as Yugu No. 2 and Gao 39, etc. The disease resistance is better, and Qingdao Lao, Changnong No. 10, and Hugu 11 are all poor in disease resistance.
Third, control methods
1. Use resistant varieties. This is the main way to prevent millet rust, and the disease-resistant varieties and hybrid combinations are selected based on local conditions. For example, Yugu No. 2 and Gao 39 are used as resistant varieties.
2. Eliminating primary infection sources and early onset centers. In mid-late July, field investigations were conducted in a timely manner to find out the epidemic center and timely eradicate the epidemic center with chemical agents. In the autumn and winter, the diseased cereals were removed and incinerated. After the idyllic cleaning, the soil was deeply plowed to reduce and control the source of infection.
3. Reasonable irrigation and fertilization. Timely exclusion of field water, control of late irrigation, and application of potash fertilizer have good effects on controlling the occurrence of grain rust.
4. Strengthen chemical control. The general year in the early mid-August of the onset of disease, 20% triadimefol EC 50-70 ml and 50 kg water are used for prevention and treatment. In the year of major outbreak, once again 10 to 15 days after the first application of the drug, it can effectively control the occurrence of the disease.
First, the symptoms and the incidence of rust disease mainly leaves the leaves, leaf sheaths can also be the disease. In the early onset of the disease, irregularly distributed rust-colored, near-round uredia spores were formed on the leaves, and rust-like uredia spores were formed after rupture. Late scattered gray and black oval small spots, that is, the winter worm spores. When the leaves are repetitive, the leaves are dry, the grains are thin, and even the whole plant withers.
The pathogenic winterspores on the diseased body are overwintering, and the summer spores can also be overwintering. The wintery summer spores can survive for 8 to 11 months in a humid environment or in the soil. The field of grain rust falls from late July to early August and enters the mid-August period. It enters the end of the harvest from the end of August to the end of September. At this time, the rate of diseased plants and the rate of diseased leaves reached the peak, respectively, and the severity rose sharply. As of mid-September, there were dead leaves and dead plants in the field, and the fall was serious.
Second, the reasons for the occurrence of summer grain rust prevalence and the 7-September rainfall was positively related. For example, if the rainfall is moderate from July to August, there will be more than 30 millimeters of rainfall at the beginning of September. The initial stage of grouting will be heavy, and vice versa. Low-lying, gully, and damp land masses are heavy, hilly and dry terraces are lightly diseased, and there is a regular pattern of decline from gully to hillside. The field density is high, the growth is good, the disease is heavy, the density is small, and the incidence of poor growth is light; the condition with good water and fertilizer is heavy, but the incidence is light. The disease resistance of the varieties is different, such as Yugu No. 2 and Gao 39, etc. The disease resistance is better, and Qingdao Lao, Changnong No. 10, and Hugu 11 are all poor in disease resistance.
Third, control methods
1. Use resistant varieties. This is the main way to prevent millet rust, and the disease-resistant varieties and hybrid combinations are selected based on local conditions. For example, Yugu No. 2 and Gao 39 are used as resistant varieties.
2. Eliminating primary infection sources and early onset centers. In mid-late July, field investigations were conducted in a timely manner to find out the epidemic center and timely eradicate the epidemic center with chemical agents. In the autumn and winter, the diseased cereals were removed and incinerated. After the idyllic cleaning, the soil was deeply plowed to reduce and control the source of infection.
3. Reasonable irrigation and fertilization. Timely exclusion of field water, control of late irrigation, and application of potash fertilizer have good effects on controlling the occurrence of grain rust.
4. Strengthen chemical control. The general year in the early mid-August of the onset of disease, 20% triadimefol EC 50-70 ml and 50 kg water are used for prevention and treatment. In the year of major outbreak, once again 10 to 15 days after the first application of the drug, it can effectively control the occurrence of the disease.
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