Grape black pox disease and its control technology

Grape black pox, also known as scab, is one of the most important diseases of grapes. China's northeastern region, the Yellow River, the Yangtze River basin, and Hainan and Taiwan are all distributed. In areas that are wet and humid in the spring and summer, the incidence is heavier and often results in huge losses.

1) symptoms. Grape black spot disease can occur from the bud to the late growth stage of the grape. The green and young parts of the plant will be damaged. The disease is most concentrated in spring and summer. The hazard characteristics of various parts are as follows:

1 leaf. At the beginning of infection, needle-size red-brown to dark brown spots appeared on the leaves, and yellow halos surrounded the lesions. After that, the lesions expanded into a round or irregular shape, with a grayish white center, slightly sunken, dark brown or purple on the edges, and a lesion diameter of 1 to 4 mm. When the climate was dry, the lesions were broken and perforated from the center, but the periphery of the lesion still maintained a purple-brown halo. The lesions on the veins were spindle-shaped, concave, grey to gray-brown and dark brown on the edges. After the destruction of the veins, due to the dryness of the tissues, the leaves are often twisted and shrunk, commonly known as “fire dragons”.

2 cobs. The incidence of the cob causes the panicle or part of the spikelets to stunt and even die. Fruiting stalks can make fruits dry off or rigid.

3 fruits. Green fruit was killed. The fruit surface was initially round and dark brown with small spots. The diameter of the expanded lesions could reach 2 to 5 mm. The center of the lesion was hollow and grayish. The outside was still dark brown. The periphery was purple-brown, like a bird's eye. shape. Multiple lesions can be connected to a large spot, later hardening or cracking. The disease is small and sour, losing its food value. The late-infected fruit can still grow up, and the dents are not obvious, but the fruit is more acidic. A milky white mucilage appeared on the lesion. This is a conidial spore mass of the pathogen.

4 shoots, vines, petioles and tendrils. The first round, oval or irregular brown spots, later grayish black, the edge was dark brown or purple, the middle gray, dark spots, late lesions in the middle of the crack. Before the lignification of shoots, the most susceptible to disease, when serious, the growth of the disease stagnation, atrophy, and even dead. The petiole was infected and its symptoms were similar to those on the shoot.

2) Incidence conditions. The epidemic of grape blackpox has a close relationship with rainfall, atmospheric humidity and the tenderness of plants. It is especially relevant to the extent of rain in spring and early summer (April-June). Rain and high humidity are conducive to the formation, transmission, germination, and invasiveness of conidia. At the same time, it is rainy and humid, which in turn causes the rapid growth of the host tissue and the tender tissue. In early days or in areas with little rain, the onset was significantly reduced. The occurrence of grape black spot disease varies from region to region. Low-lying, poorly-drained orchards often have more severe disease. Poor cultivation, poor tree vigor, insufficient fertilizer, or too much nitrogen can all lead to disease. In particular, if the importance of winter orchard hygiene is not taken seriously, and there are a large number of diseases and residues left in the garden, conditions will be created for the wintering of pathogenic bacteria and their spread in the second year.

3) Control methods.

1 Clear Garden. Cut off diseased tissue to reduce the source of overwintering.

2 spray shovel remover. Sodium pentachlorophenol 200-300 times plus 2.5 degrees lime sulfur or 45% crystal lime sulfur was used when the bud scales of grapes were enlarged.

3 growth spray protection agent. Before flowering and when the fruit bean size is large, spray 1 time each with 1:0.7:200 Bordeaux mixture or 30% green gel suspension 400-500 times or green tea copper 600-800 times.

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