High temperature and humidity, prevent citrus anthracnose
2019-09-27 10:05:35
After the spring, due to high temperatures and humid weather, severe local anthracnose began to occur in local citrus. In some places, fresh flowers and young leaves of citrus are dark and curly, and some are withered. Some orange farmers mistakenly thought that it was caused by the disease (shooting blight), and the use of pesticides to control the disease had no effect.
Prevention and control of anthrax first will be identified in order to achieve the use of pesticides. The following describes the four types of anthrax:
An acute type of anthrax. Its characteristics are: diseased leaves from the edge, tip or along the main vein occurs pale blue or dark brown (a few dark brown) such as boiling water scalded leaf spots. Some leaf spots were water-stained and their margins were unclear. They were clearly concentric and ring-like. Their color gradually increased from the inside to the outside, and the lesions often had yellow halo around them. If the diseased leaves are kept under a certain humidity, spots of pale pink or dark orange spore masses are formed on the lesions. The tip of young shoots turned yellowish-brown at the beginning of the shoot, and then turned dark brown to death. This type mainly occurs in the hot season after the rain. In addition to harming the new leaves of the year, it can also invade shoots and fruits. The onset of shoots begins at the junction of the base of the petiole and the mother branch, and changes from light brown to dark brown, and sees fluidity, often causing branches and leaves to fall. In the early stage of disease, the green fruit surface was slightly yellowish green or dark brown, leathery, dark brown, and the surrounding skin was yellow and touching.
Second, chronic anthrax. The onset of the disease usually occurs in mid-late and late May and late September and late September, and peaks in the middle and late November. At the time of onset, the contour of the leaf spot was obvious, mostly occurring at the tip or margin of the leaf. It was nearly round, semicircular, or irregular, with a diameter of 0.3-2 cm. At the beginning of the disease, it was light yellow-brown or light gray-brown, and later became dark brown. Finally, the center of the disease center faded to gray, with a slender, dark-brown edge, and the boundary between the disease and the Ministry of Health was obvious. When the humidity is high, many pale red and slightly sticky liquid spots often appear on the surface of the diseased part. When the weather is dry, micro-embossments often develop on the diseased part, and the small, concentric, ring-shaped, dark-brown, dark-brown spots are formed. This type occurs mostly on old mature leaves and on leaf wounds caused by hazards such as leaf miners.
Third, deciduous anthrax. The lesions on the leaves began at the tip of the leaf, and a few rose from the edge of the leaf. After the lesions were light blue and slightly dark brown at the initial stage, they rapidly expanded toward the base of the leaves to yellow-brown, unclear edges, moire, near-circular or irregular large-scale leaf spots. Lesion expansion can sometimes reach 1/2 or more than 2/3 of the entire leaf. Usually, the surface of diseased leaves does not produce a conidia plate. In the event of rainy weather, the diseased part near the diseased leaf can produce numerous yellow-brown, small-grained spots or light, scarlet-red and sticky liquid spots. This type has been more common in recent years on Satsuma mandarin, and most of them occur on the old leaves of the previous year. The condition spreads rapidly and often causes a large number of fallen leaves.
Fourth, secondary anthrax. In the early stage of the disease, blistered chlorotic spots were formed between the two sides of the veins and the main vein towards the leaf margin. When the leaves were observed for light, these sites were initially stained and translucent, yellow-green, and the leaves were chlorotic. Wrinkles appear slightly above the part, slightly protruding, and finally there is a coke area in the chlorotic spots of the leaves. The hazards of secondary anthracnose begin at the base of the petiole, and the elliptical hazel brown to dark brown lesions appear. After expansion, the shape changes into a long spindle, extending to the circumference of the shoot, and the disease shoots from top to bottom. Gray withered, with small black spots on it. Branches with lesions over 3 years old are dark in color and difficult to identify. They must be cut open to see the disease. The incidence of seedlings mostly starts at 6, 7 cm -10 cm (2-3 inches) away from the ground or at the marrying interface, with irregular dark brown spots. In severe cases, the trunk of the trunk died and the branches dried up. The fruit comes off, or the water decomposes into a stiff fruit and hangs on the tree.
Prevention and control of anthrax: To prevent and control anthrax, first we must develop fitness training, strengthen the tube, and cultivate strong tree vigor (but also prevent excessive growth). The application of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium should be applied to fertilization, and special attention should be paid to prevent partial application of nitrogen fertilizer. After entering spring and summer, the rainfall increased significantly, and attention should be paid to moisture and stain prevention. For an orchard that has a serious anthrax attack, it can be first used with 800-1000 times solution of Shibaoke (good power), then 1000 times the fluid, and finally sprayed with anthrax 600 times. It should be noted that the above three kinds of pesticides should be applied separately in turn, the first 1-2 times every 7 days or 10 days, the last time every 15 days. Cut the diseased branches before spraying.
Prevention and control of anthrax first will be identified in order to achieve the use of pesticides. The following describes the four types of anthrax:
An acute type of anthrax. Its characteristics are: diseased leaves from the edge, tip or along the main vein occurs pale blue or dark brown (a few dark brown) such as boiling water scalded leaf spots. Some leaf spots were water-stained and their margins were unclear. They were clearly concentric and ring-like. Their color gradually increased from the inside to the outside, and the lesions often had yellow halo around them. If the diseased leaves are kept under a certain humidity, spots of pale pink or dark orange spore masses are formed on the lesions. The tip of young shoots turned yellowish-brown at the beginning of the shoot, and then turned dark brown to death. This type mainly occurs in the hot season after the rain. In addition to harming the new leaves of the year, it can also invade shoots and fruits. The onset of shoots begins at the junction of the base of the petiole and the mother branch, and changes from light brown to dark brown, and sees fluidity, often causing branches and leaves to fall. In the early stage of disease, the green fruit surface was slightly yellowish green or dark brown, leathery, dark brown, and the surrounding skin was yellow and touching.
Second, chronic anthrax. The onset of the disease usually occurs in mid-late and late May and late September and late September, and peaks in the middle and late November. At the time of onset, the contour of the leaf spot was obvious, mostly occurring at the tip or margin of the leaf. It was nearly round, semicircular, or irregular, with a diameter of 0.3-2 cm. At the beginning of the disease, it was light yellow-brown or light gray-brown, and later became dark brown. Finally, the center of the disease center faded to gray, with a slender, dark-brown edge, and the boundary between the disease and the Ministry of Health was obvious. When the humidity is high, many pale red and slightly sticky liquid spots often appear on the surface of the diseased part. When the weather is dry, micro-embossments often develop on the diseased part, and the small, concentric, ring-shaped, dark-brown, dark-brown spots are formed. This type occurs mostly on old mature leaves and on leaf wounds caused by hazards such as leaf miners.
Third, deciduous anthrax. The lesions on the leaves began at the tip of the leaf, and a few rose from the edge of the leaf. After the lesions were light blue and slightly dark brown at the initial stage, they rapidly expanded toward the base of the leaves to yellow-brown, unclear edges, moire, near-circular or irregular large-scale leaf spots. Lesion expansion can sometimes reach 1/2 or more than 2/3 of the entire leaf. Usually, the surface of diseased leaves does not produce a conidia plate. In the event of rainy weather, the diseased part near the diseased leaf can produce numerous yellow-brown, small-grained spots or light, scarlet-red and sticky liquid spots. This type has been more common in recent years on Satsuma mandarin, and most of them occur on the old leaves of the previous year. The condition spreads rapidly and often causes a large number of fallen leaves.
Fourth, secondary anthrax. In the early stage of the disease, blistered chlorotic spots were formed between the two sides of the veins and the main vein towards the leaf margin. When the leaves were observed for light, these sites were initially stained and translucent, yellow-green, and the leaves were chlorotic. Wrinkles appear slightly above the part, slightly protruding, and finally there is a coke area in the chlorotic spots of the leaves. The hazards of secondary anthracnose begin at the base of the petiole, and the elliptical hazel brown to dark brown lesions appear. After expansion, the shape changes into a long spindle, extending to the circumference of the shoot, and the disease shoots from top to bottom. Gray withered, with small black spots on it. Branches with lesions over 3 years old are dark in color and difficult to identify. They must be cut open to see the disease. The incidence of seedlings mostly starts at 6, 7 cm -10 cm (2-3 inches) away from the ground or at the marrying interface, with irregular dark brown spots. In severe cases, the trunk of the trunk died and the branches dried up. The fruit comes off, or the water decomposes into a stiff fruit and hangs on the tree.
Prevention and control of anthrax: To prevent and control anthrax, first we must develop fitness training, strengthen the tube, and cultivate strong tree vigor (but also prevent excessive growth). The application of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium should be applied to fertilization, and special attention should be paid to prevent partial application of nitrogen fertilizer. After entering spring and summer, the rainfall increased significantly, and attention should be paid to moisture and stain prevention. For an orchard that has a serious anthrax attack, it can be first used with 800-1000 times solution of Shibaoke (good power), then 1000 times the fluid, and finally sprayed with anthrax 600 times. It should be noted that the above three kinds of pesticides should be applied separately in turn, the first 1-2 times every 7 days or 10 days, the last time every 15 days. Cut the diseased branches before spraying.
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