High-yield Cultivation Techniques of Persimmon
Park planting. Persimmon does not require strict soils, but sandy soil with a pH of 5.57.5 is preferred. The average annual temperature above 13 °C is appropriate. Most of the sweet persimmons are female flowers, but they are unisexual and fruitful. If the pollination varieties are used, they are more conducive to production. The main cultivars should be marketable, fruit type large, beautiful appearance, crunchy pulp, no seeds or seeds, good flavor and quality of high-quality persimmon varieties, cultivation of the middle and late maturity varieties, to increase color varieties and increase fruit setting rate , can be suitable for planting early maturing varieties, configuration ratio can be 8:1. Seedlings can be planted every year from October to March of the following year. The planting density is preferably 111 plants per mu (3m2m).
Soil and fertilizer water management. Persimmons have strong moisture resistance, weak drought resistance, and poor growth when the soil is too dry. When the general soil contains 30% to 40% water, shoot growth is best. The saplings (1-2 years after planting in the dense planting garden) are mainly fertilized with nitrogenous fertilizers, combined with phosphorus and potassium, and applied methods of thin planting. Due to the high yield of persimmon, adult orchards (after the third year of the planting garden) need to have more fertilizer. Large, usually in the pre-emergence, fruit enlargement period and flower bud physiological differentiation of fertilizer, the end of October the application of basal; at the same time strengthen the foliar fertilizer.
Flower and fruit management. Sweet persimmons should be enhanced by artificial pollination. Through pollination, both the fruit setting rate and the physiological fruit drop can be prevented. At the same time, through the use of thinning and fruit thinning to determine a reasonable load, the consumption of tree nutrients can be reduced, and the persimmon fruit left behind can be grown, and the differentiation of flower buds can be promoted to ensure the annual production.
Tree regulation. The dense planting of sweet persimmon orchards is mainly based on the evacuation of small crowns. If a density of 3 meters and 2 meters or 2 meters and 1:5 meters is used, natural open heart shapes can also be adopted. The pruning of the growing season is carried out from April to August. The techniques such as brushing shoots, twisting shoots, and picking the hearts are mainly adopted. The main lateral branches, the resulting branches, and the branch shoots are selected to promote early flowering, early forming, high yield, and stable yield. . Dormant pruning mainly cultivates the tree structure, maintains a complete tree shape, controls the height of the tree and the canopy, makes the tree airy and light-transmitting, and eliminates all old and weak branchlets and diseased branches. For leggy branches depending on the situation or sparse or pull branches or short cuts. The mother trees should be selected to remain thick, uniform in length, and evenly distributed in the crown. And timely update rotation to maintain strong results. For branches extending between the lines and between lines, they should be retracted appropriately in the later period so that the lines do not cross too much between the lines and a 50 cm channel is maintained between lines.
Pest Control. Persimmons have less pests and diseases, and can be trimmed to make the trees airy and transparent, reduce the humidity in the orchards, and reduce the incidence. At the same time, attention should be paid to the prevention and control of persimmon anthracnose, kaki worms, and ticks. (Shandong Province Guocha Station)
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