Harvesting deer antler velvet is a delicate and time-sensitive process that requires careful planning and execution. The timing and method of collection depend on the age and growth stage of the male deer, as well as the type of velvet being harvested. Deer velvet can be categorized into three main types: primary velvet, two-leaf velvet, and three-branch velvet. Primary velvet comes from one-year-old males, typically forming their first set of antlers. Two-leaf velvet is collected from two to three-year-old bucks, where the smaller antler branches are selected for harvesting. For four-year-old males, if the velvet is thin or small, two-leaf velvet is preferred; however, if it's thick and full, three-branch velvet may be taken. Deer older than five years usually have well-developed, plump velvet and are best suited for three-branch harvests.
Once the type of velvet is determined, daily observation of the antler growth is essential. The primary velvet should be harvested when it reaches 15–20 cm in length. The second velvet is ready when the top of the antler begins to expand and split after the second branch has formed. This type of velvet tends to be the most valuable but may still contain high moisture content, which can affect quality. Three-branch velvet is harvested when the tip just cracks open, typically around 70–75 days after the initial cut. The goal is to collect the velvet without damaging the antler’s natural shape, especially for larger specimens. A "big mouth three rights" approach is used for full, plump antlers, while weaker or thinner velvet should be harvested earlier to avoid loss.
Before the actual harvesting, anesthetic is often used to ensure the deer remains calm and comfortable. A common method involves using an anesthetic gun, with a dose of 1–2 ml of eye-nining solution. Within 10 minutes, the deer will lie down and remain sedated for 2–3 hours. After the velvet is removed, an antidote is administered intravenously to help the deer regain consciousness quickly, usually within 3 minutes. For sika deer, Qingsongling is commonly used at a dosage of 1.0–1.5 mg per kg of body weight (5% solution, 5–10 ml per deer). If the initial dose is not sufficient, a 20–30% supplement can be given. However, only one dose should be administered to avoid toxicity. Dosage must be strictly controlled based on the deer’s age, health, and weight.
Once the deer is sedated, its head should be secured immediately to prevent damage to the velvet. The animal should be placed in a shaded area, with its head slightly elevated to reduce bleeding. It is important not to start cutting right away; instead, the velvet should be harvested before the deer regains full mobility. After resuscitation, the wound site should be monitored for excessive bleeding, and any signs of infection should be treated promptly. Providing clean water and proper feeding is crucial during recovery.
The sawing process should use a bamboo saw specifically designed for this purpose. The blade must be sterilized before use. The cut should be made approximately 2 cm above the base of the antler. Applying even pressure while sawing helps prevent splitting the velvet skin and ensures a cleaner cut. A tourniquet should be applied at the base of the antler to control bleeding. Once the velvet is removed, styptic powder is sprinkled on the wound, and the tourniquet is released after a short period to allow blood flow to resume. This careful approach ensures both the quality of the velvet and the well-being of the animal.
Polysaccharide
Polysaccharide is a polymeric carbohydrate composed of more than 10 monosaccharides and sugar chains bound by glycosidic bonds. Polysaccharides composed of the same monosaccharides are called homopolysaccharides, such as starch, cellulose and glycogen; Polysaccharides composed of different monosaccharides are called heteropolysaccharides. For example, gum Arabic is composed of pentose and galactose. Polysaccharide is not a pure chemical substance, but a mixture of substances with different degrees of polymerization. Polysaccharides are generally insoluble in water, have no sweetness, can not form crystals, and have no reducibility and rotation change. Polysaccharides are also glycosides, so they can be hydrolyzed. In the hydrolysis process, a series of intermediate products are often produced, and finally monosaccharides are obtained by complete hydrolysis.
Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide is a secondary metabolite of the mycelium of Ganoderma lucidum, which exists in the mycelium and fruiting body of Ganoderma lucidum.
Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide has unique physiological activity and clinical effect, and is safe and non-toxic. It can be widely used in medicine, food and cosmetics industries. Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide can improve the body's immunity. When the body's immunity of cancer patients is damaged by radiotherapy and chemotherapy, it can be combined with radiotherapy and chemotherapy to cure the disease. In addition, Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide can also inhibit the release of allergic reaction media, so as to block the occurrence of nonspecific reaction, so it can inhibit the recurrence and metastasis of cancer cells after operation. Ganoderma lucidum preparations that have been put into use include tablets, injections, granules, oral liquids, syrups and wines, all of which have achieved certain clinical effects. As a functional factor, Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide can be made into health food, and can also be added into beverages, cakes and oral liquids as Food Additives, which greatly enrich the food market. Because Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide has the effect of anti free radical, it can be used in cosmetics to delay aging.
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