Prevention and cure of common diseases and insect pests

When the air humidity is too high, the mycelium tends to form excessive aerial hyphae, which can negatively affect mushroom development. To address this, it's important to lower the humidity and improve air circulation within the growing environment. If rust spots are caused by excessive spraying, leading to air humidity above 95% and poor ventilation, brown spots may appear on the caps and stems. In such cases, increasing ventilation is essential to reduce moisture levels and prevent further damage. When the growing medium becomes too dry, the air humidity drops below optimal levels, causing buds or fruit bodies to stop growing, shrink, and eventually dry out or rot. It’s crucial to replenish water appropriately, adjust humidity, and ensure proper ventilation to maintain healthy growth. Deformed fruit bodies that resemble coral with thick roots, long stalks, and small caps are typically a result of insufficient oxygen and poor airflow. To correct this, enhancing ventilation is key to promoting normal development. Dry bulb disease, also known as brown spot, is characterized by white, fuzzy mycelium on the surface of the fruit body, along with brown spots and shriveled caps. Control measures include spraying a 2% formaldehyde solution or a 1:500 dilution of carbendazim, while also improving ventilation to create a less favorable environment for the disease. The black fly, often found at the base of the stipe, lays eggs that hatch into larvae capable of damaging the stem, cap, and mycelium. This pest can be controlled by applying a 1:800 dilution of an efficient and less toxic pesticide. Additionally, using a light in the evening with a tin plate coated in tung oil can trap the flying insects, reducing their population naturally. Red spider mites, which appear as yellow-red ticks, feed on both the mycelium and fruit bodies, causing rust-colored pits on the cap surface. To manage infestations, spraying a 1:1000 dilution of dimethoate or a mixture of lime sulfur (500mL plus 10mL stock solution) is recommended. Collembola, small springtails, can also attack the fruiting bodies. A spray of 0.1% rattan extract is effective in controlling these pests and protecting the crop. By maintaining proper environmental conditions—such as balanced humidity, good air circulation, and regular monitoring—growers can significantly reduce the risk of these common issues and promote healthier mushroom production.

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