Water Saving and Drought Resistant Comprehensive Cultivation of Fruit Trees
1. Select drought-resistant trees and rootstocks
Different tree species, different drought resistance, should be determined according to the water demand and drought tolerance of different tree species to cultivate trees, pomegranate, jujube, fig and stone fruit trees in the current cultivated tree drought strongest; walnuts, plums, grapes Medium drought tolerance; apples, pears, persimmons, etc., are the least resistant to drought. The rootstock drought resistance of rootstock has a great influence on the drought resistance of fruit trees. Therefore, the grafted varieties of drought-resistant rootstocks should be selected for the drought resistance cultivation of fruit trees, such as the mountain stator, the Xifeng Begonia, the Xinjiang wild apple, the jellyfish fruit, the Yamanashi, and the mountain peach. Hill grapes, etc., M7, MM106 in the short anvil are comparatively drought-resistant.
2. Strengthen cultivation management
The use of reasonable cultivation techniques also plays an important role in the drought resistance of fruit trees, including the following aspects: rational dense planting, reasonable pruning, reasonable fertilization, and deep plowing in orchards.
3. Orchard coverage
Orchard cover includes film cover and grass cover. The film coverage is generally conducted in March-April when the spring is arid and windy. When covered, it can be covered or covered only under the tree disk. Orchard grass cover can be used throughout the year, preferably in summer (May). The specific technique is: Before the grass is covered, a 40-50 cm wide raft or working track is built between the two rows of trees. The raft is leveled so that it is slightly higher near the trunk, leaving about 20 cm of space around the trunk when covering the grass. In order to allow the water to infiltrate into the soil along the trunks and pods as soon as possible after the rainfall; at the same time, it is combined with deep ploughing or deep rake watering before the mulching, and 0.2-0.5 kg nitrogen fertilizer is applied to meet the requirement of microbial decomposition of organic matter on nitrogen fertilizers. The thickness of the grass cover is 15 to 20 cm. After covering the grass, the soil is pressed on the grass slope to prevent wind blow and fire.
4. Orchard grass
Orchard growing grass is planting fruit trees in the orchard to produce beneficial grass. At present, the state encourages orchards with conditions to implement the “grass orchard systemâ€. The so-called “orchard or grass system†is to plant leguminous or gramineous grass species between the rows of fruit trees, and it is regularly mowing each year to cover a modernization of the tree plates. Soil management system.
5. Cave storage water and plastic film covering technology
The technology of hole-filling fertilizer and water mulching film is simple and easy, and the investment is less effective. It has the characteristics of fertilizer saving and water saving. Generally, it can save 30% of fertilizer and 70% to 90% of water saving; it is thinner in the soil layer and is water-free. The application of hillsides is particularly significant and is an important technology for drought and water conservation in arid orchards.
6. Water-saving irrigation technology
The main promotion of drip irrigation, sprinkler irrigation, micro-spray, buried tanks and other methods.
7. Apply moisture absorbent
Moisture absorber is a kind of polypropylene, which has strong water absorption and water retention, its water absorption performance is more than 1000 times of its own weight, and it has excellent water retention performance. Under the dry environment, the surface can form a resistance film to prevent the water from overflowing and evaporating. If 100 grams are sprinkled within a square meter, the soil moisture can be increased by 800 times, the evaporation of soil moisture can be reduced by 75%, and water can be absorbed from the atmosphere. After a watering or raining, the water can be retained for a long time for fruit trees to absorb for a long time. Because it circulates in the water and the cycle of dehydration and shrinkage can also increase soil porosity, prevent soil compaction, and facilitate root growth and development.
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