Application of rice transplanting mechanization in Jiangxi

In Jiangxi Province, rice stands as the dominant food crop, contributing over 80% of the total grain output. To accelerate the mechanization of rice production, the province introduced the "Toyo" F-455S walk-behind rice transplanter and double-film seedling technology from Jiangsu. Over the last year, comparative trials confirmed that these technologies could be successfully adopted in the region. Recently, various levels of government and agricultural machinery departments have actively sought out suitable rice transplanting machinery and related techniques tailored to Jiangxi’s needs. They've introduced several methods, including machine planting, machine broadcasting, and direct seeding in flooded or dry fields. This year, Jiangxi implemented a trial involving six "Toyo" F-455S transplanters across 600 acres. Comparative studies showed that these machines produce high-quality seedlings, improve planting efficiency, ensure uniform growth, and enhance resistance to stress, leading to better yields. However, due to the relatively high operational costs, the technology is currently limited to areas where it is economically feasible. When it comes to sowing rates, conventional rice varieties require approximately 2 kg per acre, while hybrid rice should use around 1 kg. With the Toyo F-455S transplanter, row spacing tests revealed options like 30 cm x 11.7 cm, 30 cm x 13 cm, and 30 cm x 14.6 cm, resulting in about 19,000 plants per acre. Transplanting depth can be adjusted between 1 cm and 4 cm, with a 97% survival rate, 2% leakage rate, and 3% hooking rate. Narrow row spacings promote higher yields. For hybrid rice, 20 trays per acre with 2 kg of seeds are optimal. Cost-wise, the total expense for manual rice planting averages 80 yuan per mu (Chinese acre), whereas mechanical planting costs 77 yuan per mu, saving 3 yuan. This makes mechanical transplanting more accessible to farmers, especially in economically challenged areas. To lower costs further, efforts have focused on optimizing seedling-raising techniques. Combining conventional methods with modern approaches like hard disk, floppy disk, and double-membrane seedling raising has proven effective. The double-membrane method involves placing seedbeds on perforated plastic sheets, followed by soil application, sowing, and covering. After completing a set of operations, watering is done uniformly before double-membrane management begins. While efficient, this process requires careful handling to avoid issues like uneven soil distribution and block deformation. Once the seedlings are ready, a specialized cutter ensures they meet the machine's specifications. Economically, double-membrane seedling raising reduces land usage by 0.09 mu per acre and increases income by 7.2 yuan per acre based on an 800 kg harvest. Mechanized planting costs 30 yuan per mu versus 33 yuan for manual planting, saving 3 yuan per mu. Additionally, using mechanical transplanting reduces seed usage by 50 kg per mu, adding another 50 yuan per mu to profits. Thus, the net benefit reaches 63.2 yuan per mu. Socially, mechanized rice transplanting simplifies farming processes, reduces labor intensity, and conserves resources. It empowers farmers to increase income while freeing up labor for other industries, contributing to rural economic growth. These advancements bring both economic and social benefits, making them sustainable solutions for Jiangxi’s agricultural future.

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