Breeding Techniques of Black Phoenix Chicken Breeders

In order to maintain, improve, and purify the breeding performance of Chinese black phoenix chickens, it is essential to conduct in-breed selection, focusing on family lineages and the evaluation of offspring. The breeding period for a breeder typically lasts 1–2 years, but it's advisable to select high-quality individuals from each generation to form a reserve flock. These reserve chickens should be kept across different families or strains to avoid inbreeding and enhance genetic diversity and production performance. Breeding chickens must exhibit the "Shiquan" characteristics typical of Chinese black chickens. The most distinctive feature is their black silk-like feathers, while the black meat and black bones—often referred to as the "black tongue"—are also key indicators. The "black tongue" is considered a defining quality trait of the Chinese black phoenix chicken. Only those with both black silk feathers and a black tongue (or light black coloration) are considered top-quality specimens. Additionally, breeders should be robust, well-developed, and have a smooth, healthy coat. Individuals with matted feathers, dull appearance, or other abnormalities should be strictly excluded. Roosters selected for breeding should weigh around 1,250 grams before entering the breeding phase, while hens should weigh approximately 1,000 grams. Annual egg production should range between 140 and 160 eggs, with a rooster-to-hen ratio of 1:10 to 1:15. The fertilization rate and hatchability of fertilized eggs should both exceed 90%. Roosters should also be broad-shouldered and well-built, with an erect comb, while hens should have a wide, deep abdomen and a calm, gentle temperament. Feeding practices play a crucial role in maintaining high productivity. It is recommended to start feeding at around 165 days of age, providing 60–70 grams of feed per bird daily, along with clean drinking water and 4–6 portions of green feed. Adding vitamin supplements, such as multivitamins, vitamin E, or products like “Speed Supplement 14,” can help boost egg production. Feeding black grains such as black rice, rye, black beans, and black sesame can also support health and vitality. Herbal remedies or traditional Chinese medicine-based drinks may be used periodically to promote overall well-being. The housing density should be around 100 birds per group, with each house divided into 3–4 groups. A density of 5–6 birds per square meter is ideal. Lighting is another important factor—starting from the first half of the month, gradually increasing the day length to 16 hours. A 40-watt bulb per 15 square meters is sufficient, placed 2 meters above the ground. Red lighting is particularly beneficial for egg-laying. Temperature and humidity should be maintained at optimal levels during the laying period: 18–25°C with 50–55% relative humidity. In summer, proper cooling and ventilation are necessary, while in winter, insulation and warmth should be ensured. Providing shaded areas with shrubs or trees in the outdoor space can offer comfort and reduce stress. Ventilation is essential to maintain air quality inside the poultry house. Mechanical and vertical ventilation systems are recommended. Daily cleaning of the interior and exterior of the house is required, with troughs and drinkers cleaned at least once a day. To stimulate egg production, the "Awake Husband" supplement developed by Nanjing Agricultural University can be used. Administering three tablets per day for the first two to three days, then resuming normal production from day six to eight can help. Alternatively, painkillers such as APC tablets can be given every three days. Hens should be caught, placed in an iron cage, and returned to the house after treatment.

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