Ash habits and fertilization
Ash Tree Cultivation and Fertilization Practices
The ash tree, commonly known as *Fraxinus*, is a member of the Oleaceae family. This genus comprises approximately 70 species, primarily found in the temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere, with only a few extending into tropical areas. In China, there are around 20 native species, distributed across most provinces. Among these, *Fraxinus mandshurica* (Manchurian ash) is mainly found in the Xiaoxing'an Mountains and Wanda Mountains in Northeast China, extending southward to the Changbai Mountains and Yanshan Mountains in Hebei Province. It typically grows in valleys and slopes below 700 meters above sea level. The distribution of ash trees ranges from northern parts of the northeast down to Guangdong, Guangxi, and Yunnan, east to Jiangsu, Zhejiang, and Fujian, and west to Sichuan and Guizhou. Some species can be found at elevations up to 3,100 meters in western Sichuan. In Taiwan, the white wax (*Fraxinus chinensis*) thrives in river valleys between 800 and 2,000 meters. In Xinjiang’s Ili River Valley, which is located at 400–700 meters, *Fraxinus sogdiana* is commonly found. In southeastern Yunnan, it often grows in mixed forests with other species. Ash trees prefer deep, moist, and fertile soils and are not drought-tolerant or suited for poor soil conditions. Most species are tolerant of slightly saline or alkaline soils. Propagation methods include seeds, cuttings, and layering, with techniques varying based on local conditions and economic goals. For example, cuttings are often used for sprout production, while seeds or cuttings are preferred for timber production. When cultivating for insect wax production, such as in the case of the white wax scale, cuttings are the primary method. Common diseases include sooty mold and rust, while pests include the tussock moth, white wax tip, brown helmet, four-pointed hornbill, and small flower moth. Before planting or during dormancy, basal fertilization is essential. Topdressing should be applied according to the growth potential of the trees. The amount of fertilizer depends on the tree's age, growing season, fertilizer source, and soil properties. Generally, for trees with a diameter less than 15 cm, apply 0.5 kg of compost per 3 cm of diameter at breast height (DBH). For trees with DBH over 15 cm, apply 1.0–2.0 kg per 3 cm DBH. During the early and middle stages of growth, when aiming to expand the canopy and encourage flowering, increase the fertilizer application. Before applying fertilizer, dig a ring trench around the tree, matching the width of the canopy. The trench should be 25–30 cm deep and wide. The type of fertilizer should be chosen based on the species, growing season, and ornamental purpose. Nitrogen-rich fertilizers are suitable for early growth to promote crown expansion, while phosphorus and potassium are beneficial for fruit-bearing species. Pay attention to the correct application of micronutrients and root fertilization, and consider using compound fertilizers more frequently. For long-term green spaces, ensure a steady supply of organic manure. Organic fertilizers should be properly composted before use. Fertilization should be done on sunny days, and care must be taken to avoid contact with leaves. Using organic fertilizers combined with microbial starters like Tribol’s can accelerate decomposition and improve the quality of compost. After treatment with such starters, decomposed organic fertilizers serve as a solid foundation for soil fertility improvement. As a complete fertilizer, organic matter not only provides essential nutrients for crop growth but also helps activate soil nutrients, enhance soil structure, and support long-term agricultural productivity, especially in greenhouse vegetable cultivation.
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