How to manage the greenhouse fruit trees
I. Humidity management of fruit trees in greenhouses
Greenhouse humidity should be maintained at 60-75%, which is conducive to its budding. If the humidity is too high, ventilation should be timely. Interval ventilation can be performed, with an interval of 2 hours or so, and each ventilation time is 30 minutes. If the haze is serious, the humidity outside the greenhouse is significantly higher than that in the greenhouse. Starting from 10 a.m., the vents will be closed by 16 p.m. At the same time control the watering, generally after the shed watering large water once, to the flowering period generally do not water, watering can be used to cover the silver mulch, to control the humidity, increase the temperature, improve the role of light in the shed. If the drought is serious during the flowering period, watering should be done under the membrane.
Second, temperature management of greenhouse fruit trees
Although due to the influence of hazy weather, the lighting in the shed was insufficient, but due to the recent rapid rise in temperature, the temperature management in the greenhouse is still dominated by the current control. If the temperature rises too fast, the temperature will cause the fruit tree to sprout quickly, flowering slowly, and the phenomenon of budding after the first bud occurs. This leaves buds competing for storage nutrients preferentially, resulting in a lower fruit setting rate and early fruit shedding. Therefore, the temperature should be slowly increased during this period. For every 2-3°C increase, it should be maintained for 2-3 days and then increased step by step. In the end, the maximum temperature must not exceed 28°C, and the minimum temperature at night should be around 10°C.
Third, do a good job of lighting management of greenhouse fruit trees
Due to the lack of continuous cloudy light, there is a negative impact on the normal growth of the tree, especially on the normal flowering. Therefore, as much as possible to increase the tree lighting. Even if extreme cold weather is encountered, use light at a high temperature at noon. The cover on the shed must be diligently opened and closed, and it should be supplemented with light and heat. And timely cleaning of debris on the shed. At the same time, laying reflective film in the shed. To prevent the starvation of the tree due to lack of light and photosynthesis. For a long period of warming at noon, it is necessary to pay attention to the appropriate "back-curtain" to prevent the discomfort of the tree.
Fourth, flower and fruit management
Nowadays, many greenhouse fruit trees are experiencing haze and rainy weather during flowering and fruiting period. It is very important to do a good job of flower and fruit management, which is related to the key to the success of this year's greenhouse cultivation. It is necessary to take some comprehensive measures to ensure a certain amount of fruit set and meet production needs.
1. Strengthen comprehensive management to ensure nutrient supply
The fruit setting rate and the development of young fruit are closely related to the supply of nutrients. First of all, we must strengthen the management of the last year of the previous year to form a good flower buds and improve the nutritional level, such as autumn leaves, Shiji Fei and so on. In the year, fertilization, watering, and pruning ensured the supply of nutrients, and through the tipping of the shoots, 0.1%-0.5% borax was sprayed during the flowering period to regulate the flow and supply of nutrients.
2. Guaranteed pollination and fertilization
In the case of reasonable allocation of pollination trees, some measures must be implemented, especially in this year's rain, snow and hazy days, and flowering in the evening, if not neat, to ensure pollination and fertilization.
(a) Biological pollination. Insects pollinate and bees are released during flowering. Traditional beekeeping refers to bees. Generally, 1 to 2 boxes of honeybees are placed on every 667m2 of sunlight greenhouse peaches. Wall bees can also be pollinated. In the past decade or so, artificial domesticated wild wall bees (mainly horned wall bees, scallops, etc.) have been used to pollinate fruit trees and significant progress has been made. Its main advantages are: simple management, no manual feeding, low temperature resistance, temperature above 12 degrees to be able to come out of the nest to prevent flowers, pollination speed, high efficiency, should be vigorously promoted in production. The pollinating ability of wall bees is 70-80 times higher than that of normal bees, and 200-300 heads per 666.7 square meters can satisfy pollination requirements. The sheds should pay attention to the following aspects: 1. The built-in honeycomb boxes in the greenhouse should be kept away from the air outlets. The nest boxes should be closed tightly to the left and right, and the beehive should be placed facing south. 2. Dig a pit in front of the nest box, put some water on time, keep the soil moist, and facilitate wall bees to nest. 3. Put a little honey or sugar (5430, -27.00, -0.49%) at the nest box mouth. (Compensating the shortcomings of pollen in the greenhouse) 4. Observe two days to see if the wall bee is out. If there is no wall bee, use a blade to gently cut the bee skin, artificially release the bee.
(b) Artificial pollination. Artificially assisted pollination is the most reliable method to increase fruit setting rate, and the rate of fruit set in artificial pollination can reach 70%-80%. In the absence of pollination trees, artificial pollination is particularly necessary when the weather is poor. It is very important in the cultivation of greenhouses. Point awarded. Process: Tree selection - flower collection - taking anthers - pollen - storage - pollination - artificial points, as long as the use of the brush between the different flowers can be granted, artificial point to the day of flowering the same day the best pollination, in the morning 9-10 It will be conducted at 3-4 p.m., and should be carried out several times in case of bad weather. scroll. Use small balloons, feather dusters to roll between the flowers.
(c) Application of plant growth regulators and trace elements. When the flowers are red, they use Bi-protection (especially when it comes to cold weather, rain, snow and haze). Spraying 0.3% of high-quality borax and 0.2% of zinc sulfate during flowering period can not only improve the fruit setting rate, but also can prevent fruit disease and lobular disease. Plus polypeptin can improve leaf function and promote fruit setting.
3, other measures
Highly pollinated flowering branches, especially greenhouses equipped with pollinating trees, need to exchange some large branches for high pollination. Hang the bottle and insert the flower branch, and cut the other branches of the flower that are to be put into the bottle filled with water and hang it in the upper part of the tree to be pollinated. Topping up, especially for those who do not have good temperature control and lead to excessive shoot growth, can significantly reduce the occurrence of flowering and fruit drop. Thinning of fruit, 3 weeks after flowering, fruit thinning, fruiting, malformed fruit, small fruit and densely squeezed fruit, keeping the fruit spacing at least 10 cm. Generally, 3-5 fruits are kept in the long fruit branch, 2-3 fruits are left in the middle fruit branch, and 1 fruit is left in the short fruit branch. After the fruit is fixed, the residual flowers on the young fruit must be removed in time, otherwise black spots or rotten fruit will be caused on the fruit surface, which will seriously affect the fruit quality.
V. Strengthening fertilizer and water management
Watersheds and nitrogenous fertilizers should be controlled within the greenhouse to enhance the body's sexuality, prevent leggy, and reduce the occurrence of pests and diseases. After the weather turned fine, the growth of the trees could be followed by top dressing. Topdressing with phosphorus and potash fertilizers followed by a small amount of urea. In order to increase the efficiency of photosynthesis, CO2 gas fertilizers can be added to the greenhouse to increase the CO2 concentration.
VI. Pest Control
The main diseases and pests of greenhouse fruit trees are locusts, red spiders, leaf miners and perforation, scab, anthrax, and root cancer. In particular, pay attention to the prevention of diseases in advance. Prevention of peach aphid, in the bud germination with 70% imidacloprid 4000 times spray. Control the spider mites and use 2500-fold dilution of the net or Nisolul. The leaf miner was controlled and sprayed with diflubenzuron 3 or 3000 times solution of AMD salt. Prevent perforation, scab, anthrax, spray 80% tebuconazole 5000 times solution and 5% chlorobromoisocyanuric acid 3000 times solution, spray 1000 times 2% ningnanmycin before ripening. liquid. Control root cancer disease, rooting with root cancer 400 times.
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