Key points of high yield and high efficiency cultivation techniques for rice in the south
Rice planting technology can be discussed from three aspects: seedling technology, transplanting technology, and field management. The following are specific technical points. Welcome to view.
1 breeding technology
The key to affecting rice yield and quality is rice seedlings. The cultivation of robust seedlings is the primary condition for improving yield and quality.
1.1 Preparation before sowing
1.1.1 Choose the appropriate breeding method.
There are many ways to raise rice in the rice. Generally, the two seasons are spread by the method of spreading the film in the wet field, the method of dry breeding is used in the winter field, and the method of using the floppy disk to raise the seedlings.
1.1.2 Do a trampoline.
The method of mulching and spreading the film in the wet field is 1:8~10 according to the area of ​​Putian and Honda, and the range of dry hoeing is 1:60~100. The area of ​​sloping field is determined by 1200:130~130, and then the soil is prepared and made into bed. , apply nutritious soil or place a floppy disk. After sowing or covering the soil, the trampoline per square meter is sprayed with 25% metalaxyl WP 0.75 g and 1.5 kg water to disinfect the bed soil and prevent rice blight.
1.1.3 Select rice products suitable for local natural conditions and technical level
Seeding, after sowing, selection, disinfection, soaking, germination, etc., sowing. Locally cultivated varieties include Huaxiang No.7, Yixiangyou 2168, Chuanyou 6203, and Chuanxiangyou 3203.
1.2 Seeding and polder management.
Appropriate seeding rate is the key measure for cultivating rice sorghum. Different seeding rates are adopted according to different breeding methods. For example, the average dry hoe seeding rate is generally 100~150 g/m, and the floppy seedlings are transplanted by machine transplanting. It is generally 100 g/m. After sowing, the seeds are lightly pressed into the soil, the seeds and the bed surface are leveled, and then the nutrient soil of 0.5~1 cm thick is covered, and then the Yuke's emulsifiable concentrate solution is sprayed to close the grass, and then the low arch cover is used to cover the mulch.
The bed temperature at the emergence stage is preferably 28 °C ~ 32 °C. When the temperature exceeds 35 °C, the small wind can be properly passed; from the seedling to the 1.5 leaf stage, the bed temperature is preferably 25 °C ~ 28 °C, more than 28 °C, can be increased Ventilation. After 3.5 leaf period, the bed temperature is 20 °C, and the bed temperature is above 12 °C. It can be ventilated day and night. After rice tillering, the film can be removed. In the seedling stage, the topdressing and replenishing permeable water should be properly applied. For example, in the case of 2.5 leaves and 3.5 leaves, the ammonium sulfate is applied. The dosage is generally 35~40 g/m. Before transplanting, the “growth of fertilizer†diammonium phosphate is applied. The dosage is 15 g/m. Water shortage and timely irrigation, each irrigation depth is 2 cm.
2 transplanting technology
Seasonal transplanting of rice is a prerequisite for achieving high yield. Winter leisure fields are generally transplanted in late April, and the two seasons are transplanted in the middle and the middle of May, generally not later than the end of May. The methods of transplanting include small seedlings or medium seedlings with soil shovel, large seedling transplanting, seedlings or seedlings, and throwing hoes. In production, different methods can be used depending on the specific situation. The quality of rice transplanting is closely related to the speed of seedling greening and the early and late tillering, which will affect its yield. When transplanting, it should be noted that the transplanting depth is about 2 cm and can not exceed 3 cm. Timely return to green, early tillering; transplanting density should meet the requirements, do not insert the sloping, do not insert rafting, seedlings with the mining with the insertion, do not insert "overnight 秧".
3 Field management
3.1 Management of the split period.
After transplanting the seedlings, it is necessary to fill the water. The water depth is generally half of the height of the seedlings. After returning to the green, it will fall back to about 3 cm, and then adopt shallow, wet and dry irrigation methods. After returning to green, it is necessary to find out whether there are any missing seedlings in time. It is also necessary to fertilize in time to promote tillering. Generally, 45 to 55 kg of nitrogen fertilizer per hectare, 45 to 65 kg of potassium fertilizer, and 50 to 80 kg of phosphate fertilizer, and 3 cm of shallow water layer when topdressing. At the tillering stage, attention should also be paid to the prevention and control of leaf miners, stem borer, rice blast, and weeds.
3.2 Management of the long-earth stage.
When rice enters the early stage of panicle differentiation, it is necessary to apply flower fertilizer and apply nitrogen fertilizer 40~45 kg/hm. At the end of the spikelet differentiation, the flower fertilizer should be applied, and the nitrogen fertilizer dosage is 30~33 kg/hm. The long-earth stage requires more water. The shallow and wet irrigation method should be used to keep the soil water content between 80% and 90%. In this period, we must pay attention to the prevention and control of rice blast, bacterial blight, rice mites, and stem borer.
3.3 Management of the fruiting period.
When the earing is earlier and the leaf color is lighter, some grain fertilizer can be applied, generally nitrogen fertilizer is 9~12 kg/hm; once in the milk ripening period, the shallow water is naturally dried, stopped for 2~3 days, and the wax is matured. 1 time shallow water naturally dries, stops for 4~5 days and refills, stops water in the first 7 days of harvest, in order to facilitate harvesting; continue to control the invasion of rice blast, bacterial blight, rice mites and other pests and diseases. At the end of the waxing season, when the seeds are full and hard, they can be harvested. Drying after harvesting, storage after storage with water content below 13%.
In the process of planting rice, it is necessary to strengthen management, do a good job in raising, transplanting, watering, fertilizing, controlling pests and diseases, and removing weeds to ensure that every aspect of production is scientific and safe. At the same time, it is necessary to strengthen innovation and promote in production. New technologies will increase the yield and quality of rice and increase the economic benefits of agriculture.
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