Straw returning technology (8)

8. Whether straw can be returned in the same field year after year In the normal year (non-arid and flood-relief years), it is possible to return all crop residues to the field every season. Years of practice have proved that the successive years of straw returning to soil, soil fertility improved rapidly, crop growth, yield traits have also been significantly changed, the increase in yield effects with the increase in the number of returning to the obvious trend. Due to a large number of straw residues entering the soil in successive years, in order to accelerate the decomposition of straw organic matter and its compatibility with soil water and fertilizer, and to prevent stray stubble in the soil and other adverse effects on the soil, therefore, require a high degree of straw smash, generally Cutting length is less than 10 cm. Corn stalks for thick stems are required to reach the level of broken stems. If it is located in the low-lying cold soil of high-cold areas, due to the slow decomposition rate of organic matter, the annual decomposition rate is not high, so it can be arranged according to the rotation conditions to return to the field. Under dry conditions, continuous cropping of straw is performed after returning crops, and pests and diseases tend to increase. For example, after the wheat straw returned to the north, the root rot of spring wheat was aggravated; in the south, the total erosion of wheat was aggravated; the soybean root rot and the rate of rot erosion were increased after the soybean straw was returned to the field. Therefore, straw returning should be based on crop rotation in order to fully realize its benefits. From the ecological point of view of soil-borne diseases, the application of fresh organic matter is also a means of effective ecological biological control of soil-borne diseases. Therefore, returning straw to the field on the basis of crop rotation will not cause major pests and diseases. If straw is returned to the field under continuous cropping, ploughing and returning to field operations may be considered instead of returning cropland to shallow fields and strengthening pest control measures. In view of the effective dose of some chemical herbicides for soil treatment, it will increase appropriately with the increase of soil organic matter content. Also, straw returning promotes the activity intensity of soil microorganisms, which accelerates the degradation rate of herbicides in the soil, and shortens the residual period of pesticides. Therefore, chemical straw herbicides, especially chemical herbicides for soil treatment prior to sowing, should be properly used in straw returning soils. For example, the investigation of the farmland in Heilongjiang province showed that the investigation of the first compound leaf of soybeans was carried out. The insecticide return rate of trifoliate from the straw returning field was 91%, and 95% was not returned to the field. The use of sorghum as a bioassay to observe the residual dynamics of trifluralin in the soil also showed that with the passage of time after application, the straw accelerated the degradation of trifluralin in the soil and reached a half-life in a month or so without applying straw soil. After two months, the trifluralin residue was still above the half-life.

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