The faster the fertilizer dissolves, the better? Some slower fertilizers are going on
The faster the fertilizer dissolves, the better? What is the slowness of some fertilizers? One reason for the low domestic fertilizer utilization rate is that it dissolves too quickly. If the fertilizer is applied to the soil, if it dissolves quickly, the loss of volatiles will increase. For fertilizer companies, this is a good thing, the utilization rate is low, farmers need to use more, they must buy more. There are many reasons why compound fertilizer dissolves slowly in the ground. Generally, there are the following types:
1. The quality of the fertilizer itself.
2. The sticky substance added in the production formula does not easily melt.
3. The problem of the nature of monoammonium phosphate (insufficient water-soluble phosphorus).
4. The ammoniation is excessive during the production process, causing the degradation of water-soluble phosphorus.
5. Excessive use of anti-caking agents.
In addition, when farmers use it, they encounter drought and rain, and the soil is not enough. After the fertilizer is applied to the surface of the ground, it is not watered in time. The fertilizer is not absorbed by moisture and dissolves slowly. This situation is more serious in the western rain-stricken areas and sand land. This is not a problem with the fertilizer itself. Dissolving is not a problem as long as the soil has sufficient moisture to absorb moisture from the fertilizer particles.
The lysine compound fertilizer, the lysine-reactive slurry and the salt dissolved by the fertilizer itself are granulated, and the binder is rarely used in the formulation, chemically synthesized, and has no insoluble matter. The hydrolysis test showed that the dissolution was moderate and the residue was small.
[Fertilizer dissolves not as fast as possible]
The compound fertilizer is formed by granulating nitrogen fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potassium fertilizer and mineral powder. Nitrogen and potassium fertilizers are easily soluble in water, and phosphate fertilizers and mineral powders are insoluble or slow to dissolve. If the phosphorus content in the compound fertilizer is high, the dissolution is slow; if the content of nitrate nitrogen, ammonium chloride or ammonium sulfate is high, it will dissolve quickly; the quality of the ore powder is good and the dosage is small, and the dissolution is fast, but the fertilizer strength is low, and the powder is high. . It can be seen that the slow dissolution of fertilizer is the need of formula ingredients in production, and does not indicate the pros and cons of the product and the true and false.
How to use fertilizers with different solubility. Sandy soil: low ground output, easy to leak water and fat, suitable for quick-dissolving fertilizer, but each time the amount is small, the number of times is more, that is, "eat less meals." Clay soil: high yield of ground fertilizer, good water retention and fertilizer retention, suitable for slow-dissolving fertilizer, but the amount can be more, the number of times can be less, that is, "eat more meals." Fertilizers contain more ammonium chloride, which should be used less in saline-alkali and chlorine-sensitive crops; high phosphorus content in fertilizers should be used in phosphorus-deficient soils and legumes.
Under the same conditions, the compound fertilizer dissolves quickly, and the fertilizer effect is fierce and short. It should be used in crops with short growth period such as vegetables and summer sowing. The disodium phosphate is slow to dissolve and the fertilizer is slow and long. It should be used in fruit trees. Winter sowing of grain and other crops with long growing seasons. Farmers choose the right compound fertilizer, mainly depends on: scientific formula, reasonable price.
Recommended reading: The principle of release of controlled release fertilizer
The principle of controlled release fertilizer release is that the nutrient in the fertilizer changes from solid to liquid, and the rate of release is consistent with the law of the nutrient absorption of the crop. When the crop absorbs more nutrients, it releases more and less when released. Less, greatly improving the utilization of fertilizers, so controlled-release fertilizers have higher scientific and technological content than ordinary fertilizers, and have the function of intelligent controlled release, so it is also called intelligent fertilizer.
So how does controlled release fertilizer control the release of nutrients? It is precisely done by high-tech polymer resin envelope shell, the core of which is to put a compound fertilizer or a simple fertilizer on a uniform shell. .
When the fertilizer is applied to the soil, the soil moisture enters from the pores of the membrane, dissolves a part of the nutrients, and then is released through the membrane pores. When the temperature rises, the plant grows faster, the nutrient demand increases, and the fertilizer release rate also accelerates; When the temperature is lowered, the plants grow slowly or dormant, and the fertilizer release rate also slows down or stops releasing.
On the other hand, when the crop absorbs a lot of nutrients, the nutrient concentration on the outer side of the fertilizer granule membrane decreases, causing the concentration gradient inside and outside the membrane to increase, and the fertilizer release rate to be accelerated, so that the nutrient release pattern is consistent with the crop fertilizer requirement rule, and the fertilizer utilization rate is maximized.
So how much "film" force does this film have? The surface of this film is filled with pores that we can't see with the naked eye. This is a photo of 600 times magnification of the electron microscope. The nutrients are continuously diffused from the inside to the outside of the clothes. It can greatly reduce the concentration of fertilizer and make the roots of the crops adequate and suitable nutrition. Slow release fertilizers are new types of fertilizers that delay or control the rate of nutrient release. Compared with quick-acting fertilizer, there are some advantages:
1. The solubility in water is small, the release of nutrients in the soil is slow, and the loss of nutrients is reduced.
2. The fertilizer effect is long-term and stable, and the energy source continuously supplies the demand for nutrients of the plant throughout the production period.
3. Due to the slow release of fertilizer, a large amount of application will not cause the soil salt to be too high and "burn seedlings".
4. Reduce the number and frequency of fertilization and save costs.
Slow release fertilizers in a broad sense include two types of slow release fertilizers and controlled release fertilizers. Slow release fertilizer: The release rate of nutrients in fertilizers is slowed by chemical and biological factors. Mainly slow-acting nitrogen fertilizer, also known as long-acting nitrogen fertilizer, generally has little solubility in water. After being applied to the soil, under the influence of chemical and biological factors, the fertilizer gradually decomposes and the nitrogen is slowly released to meet the nitrogen demand of the crop throughout the growing season.
Controlled Release Fertilizer: The water-soluble fertilizer is wrapped in the membrane by means of the outer coating to release the nutrients slowly. When the coated fertilizer granules are in contact with the moist soil, the moisture in the soil penetrates into the interior through the envelope, so that part of the fertilizer is dissolved.
This part of the water-soluble nutrient is slowly diffused outward through the micropores on the envelope.
The rate at which the fertilizer is released depends on the temperature of the soil and the thickness of the membrane. The higher the temperature, the faster the rate of dissolution of the fertilizer and the speed across the membrane; the thinner the membrane, the faster the penetration.
According to different film-forming substances, it is divided into non-organic coated fertilizer, organic polymer coated fertilizer and thermal resin coated fertilizer. Among them, organic polymer coated fertilizer is the most studied and controlled release fertilizer.
Slow release fertilizers and controlled release fertilizers are fertilizers that have longer fertilizer efficiency than quick-acting fertilizers. In this sense, there is no strict distinction between slow release fertilizers and controlled release fertilizers. However, from the mechanism and effect of controlling the rate of nutrient release, slow release fertilizer and controlled release fertilizer are different.
Slow release fertilizer is affected by many external factors such as soil pH, microbial activity, soil moisture content, soil type and irrigation water volume during release. Fertilizer release is uneven, nutrient release rate and crop nutrient demand are not necessarily completely synchronized; Most of them are single fertilizers, mainly nitrogen fertilizer.
The controlled release fertilizer is mostly NPK compound fertilizer or total nutrient fertilizer supplemented with trace elements. After being applied to the soil, its release rate is only affected by soil temperature. However, soil temperature has a great influence on the growth rate of plants. In a relatively large temperature range, the soil temperature increases, the release rate of controlled release fertilizers accelerates, and the growth rate of plants increases, and the demand for fertilizers also increases.
Therefore, the rate of release of nutrients by controlled release fertilizers is in line with the rate of demand for nutrients by plants, thus meeting the nutrient requirements of crops at different stages of growth.
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