A Review of Cultivation Techniques of White Golden Mushroom
Flammulina is one of the earliest edible fungi cultivated in China. The meat is crisp, delicious, and nutritious and is loved by people. White enoki mushroom is especially tender and soft, and its color is excellent and it sells well overseas. With the expansion of its planting area, it is becoming increasingly important to understand its growth characteristics and master its cultivation techniques. The cultivation techniques are briefly described below.
1. Choose a suitable cultivation time White velutine mushrooms are mostly low-temperature varieties, and the mycelium growth temperature is 18-20°C, and the mushroom formation temperature is 6-8°C. Accordingly, white needle mushroom is generally suitable for cultivation of mushrooms from October to early March.
2. Preparation of culture materials The culture materials should be wood chips and rice bran. Sawdust is most suitable for finely chopped willow and cedar shavings. Before use, it is best to have more than one year of accumulation. During the process of stacking, watering is often required to keep the wood chips damp to remove harmful substances from the mycelium growing in the wood chips. The proportion of wood chips should be reasonable: 20% of the general diameter of 2-3mm, 40% of 1-2mm, 40% of the following 1mm, more wood chips, medium should be dry, fine sawdust, transparent Poor sex, affect the mycelial growth rate. Rice bran contains all the nutrients required for growth and development of white needle mushroom, but rice bran and defatted rice bran, which contain more starch, have been degenerated and should not be used as much as possible. The volume ratio of sawdust and rice bran is 3:1. About 350 kg of water is added per cubic meter of mixed material. The moisture content of the culture material is 63%. The culture material must be stirred well to make it fully moist.
3. Bottling sterilization is carried out in 800 ml plastic bottles, approximately 480 grams per bottle. The surface of the culture material should be compacted, and ensure that each bottle is filled with equal amount of material, tight and uniform, and the same level, which is consistent with the future bacteria. At the same time, fruiting stems have the same length of stipe. After the cap is sealed, it should be sterilized immediately. If it is left for a long time (2-3 hours in summer), it can be fermented. Sterilization can be carried out under normal pressure and autoclave. Under normal pressure sterilization, the temperature in the material is above 98°C for 4 hours, autoclave, and the temperature in the tube reaches 120°C for 70 minutes. After sterilization, the bottle is placed in a sterilized cooling chamber and cooled to 25°C. -20 °C, timely vaccination.
4. Inoculation is generally carried out in a sterile room. The ratio of strains to cultures is 1:50. The strains are required to cover the surface of the cultures. This will allow the growth of the mycelium to be uniform and effectively prevent the contamination of the bacteria.
5. Mycelial culture will be connected to a good species of bacteria in a timely manner into the culture room, the temperature should be controlled at 18-20 °C, air humidity in the 60% -70%, placed 390 bottles per square meter, usually 2 days or so bacteria The silk begins to sprout. Ventilation twice a day, every 30 minutes, 20-25 days later, the mushroom mycelium can be full of bacteria.
6. Mushrooms The so-called Mushroom is the use of rake (or manual) to remove the old strains and pellicles, which is an important measure to promote the occurrence of thick mycelium, through the fungus can make the fruit body from the surface of the culture medium neat. In normal circumstances, the normal growth of the mycelium should be the first bottle, then the growth of mycelia is poor. It is better if there is obvious pollution. There are several methods of flatworm, scraping, and air blast. The flat ridge does not damage the material surface, but only the old bacterium is knocked out. This method is early and has many miscellaneous items; scraping and leaping old strains and 5 mm surface material (suitable for sawdust) are scraped together as a block. And hyphae, mushrooming late, the number of flowers is reduced, generally do not have; gas strontium is the use of high-pressure air flow to blow off the old strains, this method is the easiest.
7. The buds should be promptly treated after budding. At this stage, the temperature should be controlled at 12-13 °C, giving enough cold stimulation to promote its formation. However, in the first 3 days, 90%-95% of the relative humidity in the air should be maintained so that the hyphae can grow again. Afterwards, due to the rapid growth of respiratory tract and the increase of carbon dioxide content, ventilation should be gradually increased after the mycelium recovers. At the same time, it is necessary to prevent the material surface from drying and humidify with a humidifier. When accelerating buds, stack 240 bottles per square meter. About 7 days or so, you can see the fish-like mushroom buds. You can see the fruit body embryos in about 12 days and the buds are over.
8. Homogenizing and inhibiting the development of homogeneity is the transitional stage of inhibition treatment. The room temperature should be controlled at about 8°C, the air humidity should be 85%-90%, and the air environment should be close to the natural state to promote the differentiation of buds in the low temperature environment. When the mushroom bud grows to 1 cm, it is transferred to the inhibition stage, the temperature is adjusted to 4-6 °C, the air humidity is 85%-90%, and the carbon dioxide concentration is less than 0.10%. At the same time, hair and light are given (2-3 hours per day ), To promote the uniformity of the length of the stipe of the mushroom, closely organized, milky white. Inhibition is mainly to use the breeze to align the fruiting body to boast. Place 150 bottles per square meter. At low temperatures and cold winds, although the fruit bodies grow slowly, they are neat, strong, and strong. After the fruit body grows 3 cm from the bottle, it can be put on the tube and transferred to the childbirth room.
9. Fertility and harvesting The room temperature at the birth control stage should be controlled at 8-13°C, air humidity is 75%, light is mainly dark, 200 bottles are placed per square meter, and the fruiting body is 13-15 cm long. When it reaches 0.50-1 cm, it can be harvested. After harvesting, the portion connected with the base of the stipe and the medium, the medium, and the poorly grown mushroom were removed and packaged according to market requirements. Generally, the polyethylene bag was used to seal and seal the small package with 100 grams per bag.
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