Alfalfa high-yielding cultivation techniques

Alfalfa is one of the world's most famous forages and the largest cultivated area in China. It has the reputation of “King of Pasture”. It not only has high grass yield, but also has excellent grass quality. It is also rich in crude protein, vitamins and inorganic salts. It feeds for livestock, poultry and herbivorous fish and has a high feeding value. At the same time, due to the development of root nodules in the alfalfa, which can fix nitrogen in the air, it is also a very good soil and water conservation and soil improvement fertility engineered plant. In the development of ecological agriculture, sustainable development of agriculture, more and more people's attention. The alfalfa cultivation techniques are described below. I. Variety selection There are nearly 40 varieties of clams that have been approved in China, and there are more varieties imported from abroad. The appropriate species should be selected according to local conditions, such as cold-resistant, salt-tolerant, pest-resistant, etc. Generally speaking, there are Zhongjing No.1, Gannong No.3, and No.2 grassland that are suitable for planting. Through comparative experiments, Jinmu No. 2 alfalfa, which has been widely promoted in Shandong Province in recent years, has been generally welcomed due to its high disease resistance and good yield, and is generally 20% to 30% higher than other varieties. Second, seed treatment Alfalfa seeds have dormancy, high solidity rate, so before sowing should be used to scratch the seed coat or hot water immersion method for treatment. The method of rubbing the seed coat is to mix the seeds of the alfalfa with certain gravel and gently rub on the tile floor so as to achieve the principle that the seed coat is rough and not broken. The hot water soaking method is about to soak the seeds in water of 50-60°C for 30 minutes, take them out and dry them for sowing. Using seed treatment technology can greatly increase its germination rate. In addition, the land where the alfalfa was first planted should be seeded with rhizobia. Generally, 5 grams of nodule is applied per kilogram of seed, and sown immediately after mixing. The indwelling larvae of the larvae that have been inoculated with the fungicide have strong ability to grow nitrogen and have a strong growth, and the yield is greatly improved. Third, the sowing time can be planted in spring, summer and autumn. Soils with good soil moisture and low wind and sand hazard are suitable for spring sowing. Usually sowed in mid-April to late in the month, but summer sowing is vulnerable to weeds and weeds should be controlled; autumn sowing is conducted from mid-August to mid-September. At this time, the soil moisture is good, the weeds are lightly harmed, and the emergence and seedling establishment rates are high. At present, more are used. Fourth, sowing method 1. Unicast: 1 kilogram-1.5 kilograms per 1/15 hectares, generally drilled, spaced 30-40 centimeters, for cultivating, fertilizing, and watering. It can also be broadcast. Cover soil 1 to 2 cm after sowing. 2. Mixed sowing: In order to balance the nutrition and facilitate the absorption of livestock, the use of cockroach and Festuca arundinacea or Dactylis at a ratio of 1:2 is commonly used in foreign countries. That is, every 1/15 hectares are sown with 0.5 kg of medlar, 1 kg of Festuca arundinacea or Dactylis. Mixed broadcasting can also make full use of the growth space and effectively increase grass production per unit area. Fifth, field management Weeding: Weeds are an important factor affecting the yield of alfalfa. After weeding, we must pay attention to the control of weeds during the seedling stage, after returning to the green year, and every time cutting. Manual removal or chemical weeding can be used. Chemical herbicides can be sprayed with special herbicides and they must not be used within 2 weeks before castration. 2. Fertilization: There is a nodule that can fix nitrogen in the air and provide nitrogen for itself. Therefore, fertilization should be based on phosphate fertilizer and topdressing potassium fertilizer. However, in barren wasteland and saline-alkali soil, the soil nitrogen content is relatively low, and appropriate amount of urea should be applied as seed fertilizer at the time of sowing. After the seedling stage of the seedlings grows or returns to green every year, the nitrogen fixation ability of the root system is weak, and the application of a certain amount of nitrogen fertilizer can increase the yield. 3. Drainage and Irrigation: The root system is deep and has strong drought resistance. However, timely watering in the dry season and after each cutting can significantly increase yield. If the root system is not tolerant of flooding, continuous flooding will cause death for 24 hours. Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to timely drainage in the rainy season. 6. Castration and harvesting The pod is a perennial plant with strong reproducibility. During the vigorous growth period, it can be cut 3 to 4 times a year, and the appropriate period of cutting should be suitable for flowering at a rate of 1/10. At this time, the protein yield is highest and the quality is good. Generally about 5 centimeters are left for each time castration. Before 50 days before winter, castration should be stopped, so that there will be a certain amount of growth in order to facilitate the winter. If seeds are harvested, the number of cuts should be reduced and harvested when most of the pods turn brown. Before the harvest, weeds, grass weeds, and other weeds should be completely removed to ensure seed quality.