Cultivation of red fruit bonsai
2019-05-15 11:04:26
The winter red fruit is a deciduous shrub or small tree of Rosaceae. Its leaves are elliptic to broadly elliptic and green. The inflorescences of corymbs are light pink, open in spring and mature in autumn. The fruit is round and spherical, initially green, then gradually yellow, after maturation is bright red, the epidermis smooth, the winter does not fall, sustainable to the second year of February to March, it is also known as longevity fruit. Its main ornamental characteristics are fruit clusters, each cluster of 5 to 10 fruit, small crystal clear, colorful, long fruit viewing period; and winter red fruit is easy to form alfalfa flower buds, the fruit is full of fruit, easy to fruit shape, tree type Rich, it is an excellent tree species to produce fruit and bonsai.
There are two ways to cultivate at the beginning: One is to use old tree stumps as rootstocks. The rootstocks that grow for many years, plant dwarves and strange shapes, such as Begonia, Vitex negundo, and apple, can be selected as rootstocks. Usually after the leaves fall in the late fall and winter or before the spring sprout, the rootstocks are transplanted into the nursery to grow; It grows for one year, making its roots well-developed and branches full. In the second year, there were targeted cultivation of collaterals, and their location and number were determined. Grafting was then carried out. In September of that year, budding was carried out or branches were picked from March to April. After one year of growth, the basic shape can be completed, after the fallen leaves or before sprouting in the spring. The other is the use of annual rootstock cultivation. After the stratification of the seeds of Begonia sinensis and A. japonicum, the seeds are sowed from mid-March to early April, and from late August to early September. The grafting site should not be high, generally 3 to 7 cm from the ground. In the spring of the second year, an anvil is cut in time to strengthen the management of the nursery and promote the growth of the scion. When the winter cuts, the pile should be 6 to 10 cm. In order to increase the distance between the plants or to replant colonization, cultivate the lateral branches according to the modeling intention and complete the tomb style. At this time, the basin time should be determined according to the cultivation direction of the bonsai. If the cultivation of micro-shaped or small bonsai in the morning pot, if you need to quickly develop medium and large bonsai should be postponed years of upper pot, dwarf control and modeling in the field cultivation.
The shape design is based on the growing fruit habit of the winter red fruit. First of all, it is necessary to ensure that a sufficient quantity and quality of fruit are formed in the same year, but also to ensure that there is sufficient quantity and quality of fruit in the following year; secondly, the fruits in the growing season should be presented with fruits and fruit. Forming and fruitful postures, the dormancy period reveals the sturdiness of the tree and highlights the vigorous appearance. Should use straight dry, oblique dry, curved dry type, cliff type, lying dry type, double dry type or weeping type, co-planting and so on.
The cultivation of different modeling techniques requires the use of systematic standard cultivation techniques for long-term continuous operations. On the basis of ensuring the supply of fertilizers and water and pests and diseases, each year timely pruning and directional shaping are the main modeling techniques. They are used to build tree types, control tree crowns, regulate tree vigor, promote flowering, adjust flower buds, and ensure fruit and flower protection. To the important role. Winter pruning and pruning in the growing season correspond to each other and are closely linked. Winter pruning is carried out after falling leaves in winter and before germination in early spring. The principle of balance tree vigor applied to pruning is applied flexibly, and the principle of the overall shape is observed to achieve uniform distribution of branches and flower buds, reasonable space, and combination of actual and actual. The flower buds of potted winter full-fruits are required to be produced on the top of the middle fruit branches (5-15 cm) and short fruit branches (below 5 cm), or on the well-favored branches. In the winter, the middle and short fruit branches are preserved; the branches of the flower buds are borne, and 2 to 4 flower buds are cut short depending on where they are; the weak growth branches are short, and the stronger growth branches are lighter. Putting or pulling branches open angle, as far as the weak buds, and promote the development of the middle and short branches; against the strong branches in the vicinity of the trunk, you can stay cut and repeat, the following year can promote 1 to 2 medium and short fruit branches. In the absence of certainty to determine flower buds should be cautious, to be cut before the flower; at the same time sparse off the impact of the tree is the dense branches, upright branches, cross branches and so on. Pruning in the growing season is mainly carried out after germination in spring and before the morphological differentiation of flower buds is completed. According to the overall shape of the winter pruning juice, take a variety of measures to promote the formation of molding branches and flower buds. Before flower buds begin to differentiate (early May to late June), the commonly used technical measures are eye injury, ring cutting (engraving), girdling, picking, thinning, pulling, twisting, folding, twisting, and twisting. branch. When the flower buds begin to differentiate, the use of drought treatment to control watering can effectively control vegetative growth, promote nutrient accumulation in the tree body and transform into flower buds; spraying growth inhibitors on leaves, that is, timely application of PP333 or ethephon, can also Control the growth of new shoots, shorten internodes, increase stem thickness, effectively control the crown, increase nutrient accumulation and flower bud formation.
Nutrition Management This is the basis of modeling. Winter red fruit likes a sunny, cool and dry environment, resistant to cold, afraid of hot and humid, plant versatility of the soil, with fertilizer content (decayed manure) about 20% of loose and breathable culture soil is appropriate. Winter red fruits grow more in spring and summer each year, and consume more nutrients. The limited basin soil nutrition can not meet the needs. Therefore, from April to June, organic liquid fertilizer (chicken manure or leech residue), once, or 0.2% to 0.3% of chemical fertilizer water are generally applied for about 10 days. In the early stage of growth, topdressing fertilizers with higher nitrogen content or organic fertilizers and inorganic fertilizers are used alternately; after early June, winter red fruits enter flower bud differentiation stage, nitrogen fertilizer needs to be controlled, and phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are added to promote flowering, and if necessary, they can be matched with leaves. Spray fertilizer. From July to September, the application of fertilizers with high nitrogen content should be strictly controlled or even stopped to prevent the occurrence of a large number of autumn shoots.
There are two ways to cultivate at the beginning: One is to use old tree stumps as rootstocks. The rootstocks that grow for many years, plant dwarves and strange shapes, such as Begonia, Vitex negundo, and apple, can be selected as rootstocks. Usually after the leaves fall in the late fall and winter or before the spring sprout, the rootstocks are transplanted into the nursery to grow; It grows for one year, making its roots well-developed and branches full. In the second year, there were targeted cultivation of collaterals, and their location and number were determined. Grafting was then carried out. In September of that year, budding was carried out or branches were picked from March to April. After one year of growth, the basic shape can be completed, after the fallen leaves or before sprouting in the spring. The other is the use of annual rootstock cultivation. After the stratification of the seeds of Begonia sinensis and A. japonicum, the seeds are sowed from mid-March to early April, and from late August to early September. The grafting site should not be high, generally 3 to 7 cm from the ground. In the spring of the second year, an anvil is cut in time to strengthen the management of the nursery and promote the growth of the scion. When the winter cuts, the pile should be 6 to 10 cm. In order to increase the distance between the plants or to replant colonization, cultivate the lateral branches according to the modeling intention and complete the tomb style. At this time, the basin time should be determined according to the cultivation direction of the bonsai. If the cultivation of micro-shaped or small bonsai in the morning pot, if you need to quickly develop medium and large bonsai should be postponed years of upper pot, dwarf control and modeling in the field cultivation.
The shape design is based on the growing fruit habit of the winter red fruit. First of all, it is necessary to ensure that a sufficient quantity and quality of fruit are formed in the same year, but also to ensure that there is sufficient quantity and quality of fruit in the following year; secondly, the fruits in the growing season should be presented with fruits and fruit. Forming and fruitful postures, the dormancy period reveals the sturdiness of the tree and highlights the vigorous appearance. Should use straight dry, oblique dry, curved dry type, cliff type, lying dry type, double dry type or weeping type, co-planting and so on.
The cultivation of different modeling techniques requires the use of systematic standard cultivation techniques for long-term continuous operations. On the basis of ensuring the supply of fertilizers and water and pests and diseases, each year timely pruning and directional shaping are the main modeling techniques. They are used to build tree types, control tree crowns, regulate tree vigor, promote flowering, adjust flower buds, and ensure fruit and flower protection. To the important role. Winter pruning and pruning in the growing season correspond to each other and are closely linked. Winter pruning is carried out after falling leaves in winter and before germination in early spring. The principle of balance tree vigor applied to pruning is applied flexibly, and the principle of the overall shape is observed to achieve uniform distribution of branches and flower buds, reasonable space, and combination of actual and actual. The flower buds of potted winter full-fruits are required to be produced on the top of the middle fruit branches (5-15 cm) and short fruit branches (below 5 cm), or on the well-favored branches. In the winter, the middle and short fruit branches are preserved; the branches of the flower buds are borne, and 2 to 4 flower buds are cut short depending on where they are; the weak growth branches are short, and the stronger growth branches are lighter. Putting or pulling branches open angle, as far as the weak buds, and promote the development of the middle and short branches; against the strong branches in the vicinity of the trunk, you can stay cut and repeat, the following year can promote 1 to 2 medium and short fruit branches. In the absence of certainty to determine flower buds should be cautious, to be cut before the flower; at the same time sparse off the impact of the tree is the dense branches, upright branches, cross branches and so on. Pruning in the growing season is mainly carried out after germination in spring and before the morphological differentiation of flower buds is completed. According to the overall shape of the winter pruning juice, take a variety of measures to promote the formation of molding branches and flower buds. Before flower buds begin to differentiate (early May to late June), the commonly used technical measures are eye injury, ring cutting (engraving), girdling, picking, thinning, pulling, twisting, folding, twisting, and twisting. branch. When the flower buds begin to differentiate, the use of drought treatment to control watering can effectively control vegetative growth, promote nutrient accumulation in the tree body and transform into flower buds; spraying growth inhibitors on leaves, that is, timely application of PP333 or ethephon, can also Control the growth of new shoots, shorten internodes, increase stem thickness, effectively control the crown, increase nutrient accumulation and flower bud formation.
Nutrition Management This is the basis of modeling. Winter red fruit likes a sunny, cool and dry environment, resistant to cold, afraid of hot and humid, plant versatility of the soil, with fertilizer content (decayed manure) about 20% of loose and breathable culture soil is appropriate. Winter red fruits grow more in spring and summer each year, and consume more nutrients. The limited basin soil nutrition can not meet the needs. Therefore, from April to June, organic liquid fertilizer (chicken manure or leech residue), once, or 0.2% to 0.3% of chemical fertilizer water are generally applied for about 10 days. In the early stage of growth, topdressing fertilizers with higher nitrogen content or organic fertilizers and inorganic fertilizers are used alternately; after early June, winter red fruits enter flower bud differentiation stage, nitrogen fertilizer needs to be controlled, and phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are added to promote flowering, and if necessary, they can be matched with leaves. Spray fertilizer. From July to September, the application of fertilizers with high nitrogen content should be strictly controlled or even stopped to prevent the occurrence of a large number of autumn shoots.
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