Greenhouse trimming technology
2019-05-10 07:02:53
The main goal of Chinese pruning is to reduce plant height. Followed by the control of the number of flowers and time. Pruning can also stimulate sprouting sprouts in the roots.
Pruning can be divided into two types: integer trimming and retractive trimming. Integral trim includes two parts, seedling stage and flowering stage.
(A) The ideal plant type for trimming the greenhouse rose: Three or four flower-producing stems are maintained, and each flower stem has 1-2 flowers. The whole plant can maintain up to 6 flowers.
In this way, there are six flowering cycles per year (an average of 60 days for each cycle), and each tree can produce 38 cuts per year. If 7 to 10 plants per square meter are planted, 250 to 380 plants will be cut per square meter per year. In fact, the greenhouse season needs to be adjusted for growth in the late spring and summer, dry down, pruning and trimming, so the actual output should be 180 to 260 sticks/m2. The primary product rate should be above 90%.
The highest yield in the greenhouse season in Beijing is 143.6/m2 (1991, Beichen Huamu Company). There is still a big gap from the advanced world level.
There are two approaches to pruning seedlings. One is to produce flowers as soon as possible. Regardless of the underdeveloped root system of the seedlings, the trunk has not yet matured and will enter the flowering stage immediately after planting. As a result, the pattern is often smaller, the entire plant is smaller, and the yield is never increased. The other is not eager to produce flowers immediately after planting, first raise roots and strong seedlings, so that the rose has dense foliage and strong germination ability before entering the flowering period. Obviously the second approach is correct.
The trimming of seedlings is mainly to budding. By repeated budding (usually 1 to 3 buds), the ability to grow squid upwards is increased, and leaves used for photosynthesis are increased.
The germination ability of some varieties of roses is very strong, and there are often more than a dozen, or dozens of buds germinating at the same time. At this point, the following measures can be taken: When the first true leaves of the buds of the Chinese rose buds are completely unfolded, they are sparsely budded. According to the growth and direction of the main trunk, the flower buds stay 2 to 3 times. When the first five leaves matured (ie, the leaf size no longer changes), the branches were left undisturbed, leaving 8 to 10 flowering leaves. When there are 3 to 4 mature 5 leaves, leave 6 to 7 production bars. The basic principle is to stay weak and stay outside. Continuous budding 1 to 3 times to enter the flowering period.
For bud varieties with general or weak germination ability, it is not necessary to adopt sparse buds and thinning methods. As long as budding is continued for 1 to 3 times, after entering the flowering stage, the buds of weak branches, drooping branches and overlapping branches can be removed. .
Flowering trimming trim. Generally, 6 heads per plant are reserved. Too many heads will cause quality deterioration. For branches that do not produce flowers or produce poor quality flowers, such as drooping branches, overlapping branches, and capping branches (ie, blind buds), etc., the traditional practice is to cut off, it is said to avoid consumption of nutrients. This is the practice of open-season roses. A large part of it is to maintain the external appearance of the entire Chinese rose. Practice has proved that it is not appropriate to cut these branches during the greenhouse season. They can use their leaves and branches to store and make nutrients. The Greenhouse Rose is pursuing the length and quality of cut flowers.
In addition, the elimination of buds and deputy buds during the flowering period is almost a daily work.
(b) Retractive pruning Normally, when the flowers are cut, the lower 2 to 3 5 leaves of the branches are not cut off. The buds shaded by the top five leafhoppers will be the next cut. In this way, after several consecutive cuts, the plants will grow higher and higher. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out retreat trim every year.
Many places prefer to adopt the so-called "heavy shearing" method for overpriced roses. That is to say, the rose branches are cut off at 50 to 70 cm from the ground (in some places, 30 cm from the ground). This practice is extremely damaging to the root system, and it is very likely to cause tree weakness and even cause plant death.
In order to reduce the height of the greenhouse, in order to stimulate the sprouting of latent buds in the roots, the pruning method should be used. That is, each cut flower position is below the base of the production flower bar, and there are no two or three 5 leaves left. Gradually lower the plant height.
Since the quality of cut flowers is often not very good during the retraction trimming, it is important to choose the start time of the retraction trim.
The greenhouse season begins to retreat and trim in the spring, the best time. Usually lasts until July (about 4 to 5 months, 2 to 3 days). After that, the leaves are in a vigorous growth period. In autumn and winter, the lush foliage can be restored. For the newly planted Chinese rose, the first two to three years should be used for the pruning method.
In some places, in order to lower dryness and stimulate the emergence of new shoots in the roots, the method of continuously stripping the upper sprouts is used. This method is only applicable to potted rose. It is impossible to use this method for large-scale industrial cultivation.
Pruning can be divided into two types: integer trimming and retractive trimming. Integral trim includes two parts, seedling stage and flowering stage.
(A) The ideal plant type for trimming the greenhouse rose: Three or four flower-producing stems are maintained, and each flower stem has 1-2 flowers. The whole plant can maintain up to 6 flowers.
In this way, there are six flowering cycles per year (an average of 60 days for each cycle), and each tree can produce 38 cuts per year. If 7 to 10 plants per square meter are planted, 250 to 380 plants will be cut per square meter per year. In fact, the greenhouse season needs to be adjusted for growth in the late spring and summer, dry down, pruning and trimming, so the actual output should be 180 to 260 sticks/m2. The primary product rate should be above 90%.
The highest yield in the greenhouse season in Beijing is 143.6/m2 (1991, Beichen Huamu Company). There is still a big gap from the advanced world level.
There are two approaches to pruning seedlings. One is to produce flowers as soon as possible. Regardless of the underdeveloped root system of the seedlings, the trunk has not yet matured and will enter the flowering stage immediately after planting. As a result, the pattern is often smaller, the entire plant is smaller, and the yield is never increased. The other is not eager to produce flowers immediately after planting, first raise roots and strong seedlings, so that the rose has dense foliage and strong germination ability before entering the flowering period. Obviously the second approach is correct.
The trimming of seedlings is mainly to budding. By repeated budding (usually 1 to 3 buds), the ability to grow squid upwards is increased, and leaves used for photosynthesis are increased.
The germination ability of some varieties of roses is very strong, and there are often more than a dozen, or dozens of buds germinating at the same time. At this point, the following measures can be taken: When the first true leaves of the buds of the Chinese rose buds are completely unfolded, they are sparsely budded. According to the growth and direction of the main trunk, the flower buds stay 2 to 3 times. When the first five leaves matured (ie, the leaf size no longer changes), the branches were left undisturbed, leaving 8 to 10 flowering leaves. When there are 3 to 4 mature 5 leaves, leave 6 to 7 production bars. The basic principle is to stay weak and stay outside. Continuous budding 1 to 3 times to enter the flowering period.
For bud varieties with general or weak germination ability, it is not necessary to adopt sparse buds and thinning methods. As long as budding is continued for 1 to 3 times, after entering the flowering stage, the buds of weak branches, drooping branches and overlapping branches can be removed. .
Flowering trimming trim. Generally, 6 heads per plant are reserved. Too many heads will cause quality deterioration. For branches that do not produce flowers or produce poor quality flowers, such as drooping branches, overlapping branches, and capping branches (ie, blind buds), etc., the traditional practice is to cut off, it is said to avoid consumption of nutrients. This is the practice of open-season roses. A large part of it is to maintain the external appearance of the entire Chinese rose. Practice has proved that it is not appropriate to cut these branches during the greenhouse season. They can use their leaves and branches to store and make nutrients. The Greenhouse Rose is pursuing the length and quality of cut flowers.
In addition, the elimination of buds and deputy buds during the flowering period is almost a daily work.
(b) Retractive pruning Normally, when the flowers are cut, the lower 2 to 3 5 leaves of the branches are not cut off. The buds shaded by the top five leafhoppers will be the next cut. In this way, after several consecutive cuts, the plants will grow higher and higher. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out retreat trim every year.
Many places prefer to adopt the so-called "heavy shearing" method for overpriced roses. That is to say, the rose branches are cut off at 50 to 70 cm from the ground (in some places, 30 cm from the ground). This practice is extremely damaging to the root system, and it is very likely to cause tree weakness and even cause plant death.
In order to reduce the height of the greenhouse, in order to stimulate the sprouting of latent buds in the roots, the pruning method should be used. That is, each cut flower position is below the base of the production flower bar, and there are no two or three 5 leaves left. Gradually lower the plant height.
Since the quality of cut flowers is often not very good during the retraction trimming, it is important to choose the start time of the retraction trim.
The greenhouse season begins to retreat and trim in the spring, the best time. Usually lasts until July (about 4 to 5 months, 2 to 3 days). After that, the leaves are in a vigorous growth period. In autumn and winter, the lush foliage can be restored. For the newly planted Chinese rose, the first two to three years should be used for the pruning method.
In some places, in order to lower dryness and stimulate the emergence of new shoots in the roots, the method of continuously stripping the upper sprouts is used. This method is only applicable to potted rose. It is impossible to use this method for large-scale industrial cultivation.
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