Seed corn cultivation techniques

Because of Gansu's unique geographical and climatic conditions, it has become one of the key development areas for the seed industry. Especially in the Zhangye area, there are abundant light and heat resources, good natural isolation conditions, and good seed product quality, which is suitable for the development of the corn seed production industry. After China's accession to the WTO, the structure of the agricultural industry needs to be adjusted. The high quality and high yield of the seed production industry should be in order to implement the Seed Law in strict accordance with the cultivation techniques of seed production. According to my research during the internship period, I summarized the high-quality and high-yielding technologies for corn production in Zhangye Prefecture in order to better serve the production.
1 The finely-prepared corn grown in our province is all spring corn. In order to prevent the drought in the early spring and the climatic conditions in the cold, we must plough the land and complete it before winter. The basic approach is to work immediately after harvesting, and use shallow depths of 25-30 cm. In order to achieve the role of water retention and protection, it is necessary to timely and securely protect the water before winter. In order to prevent pests and diseases, maize should undergo a 2- to 3-year rotation. A well-defined isolation zone should be established, and the spatial separation distance of the isolation zone should be more than 300 meters. It is not appropriate to select sporadic plots and plots with few plots. The plots should be contiguous, and the plots should be kept dry and flooded.
2 The application of basal maize requires large amount of fertilizer, and fertilization should be based on the use of base fertilizer. The combination of deep ploughing and soil preparation before winter should be applied to organic fertilizer 3000-6000 kg/mu, followed by superphosphate 25--30 kg, or supplemented. Fertilizer 15-20 kg nitrogen fertilizer, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers were traced 3:2:1.
3 film
3.1 Selection of the current production of the film commonly used in the thickness of about 0.008mm, width 70--90cm, colorless and transparent ultra-thin film is appropriate. Use 3 to 4 kg per mu.
3.2 Membrane laminating membranes are required to be “flat, exhibition, strict and solid”, that is, the ridge surface and the surface must be finely leveled. Remove debris, large clods, film close to the ground, no wrinkles. On the two sides of the mulch, each soil is 5-6 cm. To prevent windy wind, a small land can be pressed every 3--5 meters. In order to prevent pests and diseases, you can use 50% Kedan 200 times before the film is laid to spray the topsoil with 100 kg/mu.
4 When the sowing time is sowed, the male parent is planted according to the method of starry sky addition, the female parent is easy to grow wide and narrow, and the width is 60 centimeters and the narrow line is 50 centimeters. The seeds are sowed on the spot, and the hole distance is 20--22 centimeters. The hole depth is 2 - 3 cm, 2 - 3 seeds each time, overlying wet soil according to the principle of parents such as Ning Kemu, not the father and the mother, determine the parents' sowing date. When the soil temperature is stable, the seeds are sown at 10°C, and the father is planted in secondary plants. The time interval is 5-7 days. The male seeding rate is 0.60--1 kg/mu. The two periods of parenting are 50% each. . The female seeding rate is 3--4 kg per mu, and the ratio of parents is 1:4.
5 Fertility management
5.1 Seedling Management
5.1.1 The primary task of the field management of seedlings and thinning mulching corn is to release the seedlings in a timely manner. The seedlings shall be kept away from sunny noon and windy days. Put the seedlings when they are in true leaves to prevent hot sprouts. At the time of the three-leaf clover and seedlings, when the seedlings are planted with five leaves and one heart, the seedlings, weak seedlings, young seedlings, leggy seedlings, and deformed seedlings are removed from the seedlings to ensure that the seedlings are maintained at a height of 4500--5000 strains per mu. The Baoding 1000--1200 strains.
5.1.1.2 In addition to seedlings and seedlings, weeds are to be sowed at the seedling stage. For the male parents planted in the ditch, cultivators are to be cultivated. In order to ensure that the seedlings are in order, the seedlings are controlled at a height of 15-25 cm and the seedlings are watered. Promote pores under the roots, improve water absorption and drought resistance of seedlings.
5.1.3 Pest control The prevention and control of seedling diseases should be controlled according to the parent's disease resistance. The main maize disease in Gansu is smut, smut, which can be sprayed with 1% Bordeaux mixture, once every 7 days. In addition, we must also prevent underground tigers, earthworms and other underground pests from taking the principle of comprehensive prevention and prevention as the principle.
5.1.4 Water and Fertilizer Management Seedling maize during the seedling period is not very strict with regard to water and fertilizer requirements. If the fat source at the bottom is sufficient, it is generally not top-dressing, but it is necessary to strengthen water and fertilizer management for the seedlings with weaker growing vigor, and apply partial fertilizer and partial water to ensure growth before jointing. Neatly consistent.
5.2 Spike Management
5.2.1 To remove impurities in order to ensure the purity of hybrid seeds, in the period from the seedling stage to the heading stage, three to five times strict removal of impurities, with particular attention to the father to remove impurities, focus on the removal of tall plants, mutant plants, Plants are suspected to make planting plants at the same level of height.
5.2.2 Detasseling shall be carried out with a touch of leaves (1 - 2 pieces). The emasculation is the key link in the seed production. The decapitulation must be thorough and leave no residue. In the late trumpet period, we can begin to depart. During the detasseling period, every day before 10 o'clock in the morning and after 5 o'clock in the afternoon, every time it is pumped 1 times, wind and rain are blocked, and the inspection is made on a branch-by-plant basis, leaving no stubs and dead corners. The tassel does not leave the field and must be taken home. In the process of emasculation, “three types of seedlings” are removed at the same time: seedlings, weak seedlings, and diseased seedlings.
5.2.3 Water and Fertilizer Management Maize ear stage is the period between vegetative and reproductive growth. Fertilizer should be added. Top dressing is usually divided into two parts. After chasing section is chased once, it is mainly fast-acting nitrogen. Before and after tasselling, 10- - chase 1 time in 15 days. Top dressing should be lighter and lighter. Nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium should be used in conjunction with each other. Topsoil fertilizer should be applied in an appropriate amount, and 0.50-1 kg of zinc sulfate per mu should be given to the father. To promote robust plants, increase the amount of pollen. The water supply should be sufficient and timely, especially in the big bell-mouth period, requiring the field water holding capacity to be 70% - 80%, to prevent the "card neck early" case to timely drainage.
During the management of water and fertilizers, it should be noted whether the parental flowering period meets. If the male parent is earlier than the female parent, the male parent can cut the leaves (3--7 cm), remove the root (vertically cutting the lateral roots from the main stem at 15-20 cm) and remove the membrane. The main wind is directed parallel to the parental surface or sprayed with 20 mg/kg of the "900" and 1% urea mixture. It is also possible to de-male the female parent earlier; the female parent is earlier than the male parent, except for the male parent 500 Aqueous potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution spray, promote its early flowering, can also cut silk processing.
5.2.4 Prevention and control of pests and diseases During the period of pest control, in addition to testing and spraying pesticides, the diseased plants and leaves must be removed in a timely manner to reduce the source of disease and insects. The use of 5% Jinggangmycin per mu during the big bell season Soluble powder, 200 grams mixed with sterile fine soil, 20--25 kilograms of alfalfa is applied to the corn big bell mouth, which can effectively prevent and treat pests.
5.3 Flowering Period Management
5.3.1 artificial pollination in the pollen period, to maintain the appropriate temperature and humidity in the field, as early as 10 o'clock in the morning, in the absence of dew condition, take a rope to pull back and forth on the paternal parent once a day, once a day.
5.3.2 Water and Fertilizer Management During the grain filling period, the soil moisture should be maintained at about 75% of the field water holding capacity. The attacking grain fertilizer should be applied less frequently and applied early. The amount of fertilizer applied should be 10%-15% of the total topdressing, no later than the silking stage. Lightly chasing a small amount of nitrogenous fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer can spray 0.30%--0.40% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.10 mg/kg triacontanol 75--100 kg per acre to increase the grain weight.
5.3.3 Pest control When the middle and late ear filling, corn borer easy to drill into the ears, bite the grain, can be used per acre 5% of dichlorvos 0.41 kg of water spray 10 kg, or with a cotton ball evenly applied to the female On the top of the ear and on the filaments, in case of high temperature and high humidity in mid-August, it is necessary to prevent and control corn rust and aphids, and minimize the loss of pests and diseases.
5.3.4 In time to cut off the paternal father until the second period of time, the male parent of the ear is scattered, and the parent should be removed in time to create a suitable ventilation condition for the female parent. The father should move away from the system for farming.
5.3.5 Timely harvesting of corn will have a great influence on yield and quality in the harvest time. When the corn grain disappears, it is harvested at the ripening stage, and all the ears are dried in the upper house. Beware of freezing, while turning to accelerate dehydration. Speed ​​and prevent mildew. Thoroughly remove the spikes that are inconsistent with this variety to increase seed purity.

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