Cultivation techniques of spring wax gourd

Spring wax gourd is rich in nutrients, including 96.6 grams of water per 100 grams of fresh melon, protein 0.4 grams, calcium 19 milligrams, phosphorus 12 milligrams, vitamin C18 milligrams and other nutrients. In recent years, the demand for wax gourd has been increasing throughout the country. The yield of spring wax gourd is high, and the yield of some varieties can reach up to 10,000 kilograms with good economic returns. The spring techniques for the cultivation of wax gourd are described below. First, the biological characteristics of the whole period of wax gourd 140-200 days, flowering results generally take 50-70 days. The wax gourd is a thermophilic and heat-resistant vegetable with a suitable temperature of 20-30°C, and the optimum temperature for the vine growth and flowering results is 25°C. Melon needs more water, does not tolerate drought, and requires sufficient water supply during the growing period. The whole period of wax gourd needs nitrogen, followed by potassium, phosphorus is a little less, each production of 5000 kg of wax gourd needs 30-36 kg of nitrogen, 24-30 kg of potassium, and 24-26 kg of phosphorus. Spring planting varieties: Daqingpi: 15-20 kg per fruit, 3000-4500 kg per mu; Hunan Houjihong melon: 40-50 kg per fruit, 5000-10000 kg per mu; Jufeng No.1: single fruit weight 40-50 kilograms, about 6000-10000 kilograms per mu; black skin melon: about 13-15 kilograms of fruit weight, 3000-3500 kilograms per mu; Dongguan black melon: about 10-15 kilograms of single fruit, about 3000-mu per mu. 3500 kg; early maturing flour: 13-20 kg per fruit, more than 5000 kg per mu. Second, cultivation techniques (a) selection: melon should be selected in the deep soil, loose soil, good drainage, water retention and fertility strong sandy loam or clay loam cultivation. At the same time, it should be avoided to grow on the fields that are melon crops (preferably without melon crops for several years) to reduce the occurrence of diseases. (b) sowing: 1, select the sowing time: spring seeds melon should be selected in late January to early February sowing, can mention the morning market, but also get high yield. 2, soaking seed germination: the melon seeds immersed in warm water at 55 °C, maintain a stable temperature for 15 minutes, and then allow it to cool to about 30 °C, continue to soak seeds for 10-12 minutes, soak the seeds after the rinse, and then mix the seeds After germinating the fine sand, it is germinated at a temperature of about 30°C, and the seed can be sown when the seeds are white and the shoot length is 0.3-0.8 cm. Note that during the germination process, the seeds should be frequently turned and kept moist to facilitate budding. 3, sowing: melon planting generally use seedling transplanting methods. When disposing nutritious soil, it should be disinfected. For every 1000 kg of nutritious soil, use 50% carbendazim WP 25-30 g to dissolve in water, spray, mix nutrient soil after spraying, and cover it with film for 2-3 days. use. Third, planting: 1, site preparation: planting planting, planting surface width of 2 meters, 0.4 meters wide groove, 0.5 meters high. The application of organic fertilizer in the middle of the trenches will generally use 1000-1500 kg of soil-fertilizer per mu, 50 kg of superphosphate or peanut bran. Before planting 1,000 kg of compost per acre, 30 kg of superphosphate or 20 kg of compound fertilizer. 2. Colonization: Single-row planting, planted in the middle of the plant surface, with a spacing of 80-100 cm. Fourth, field management: 1, choose the cultivation methods: melon cultivation methods have melon, shed melon and rack melon 3 kinds. Combining with the actual conditions, the greenhouse melon cultivation method is generally used. The height of the shed is 1.8-2 meters. 2, the whole vines, vines and pressure vines: melons rely on the main vine results, but the melon twigs strong, should be the whole vine, remove all side vine before and after fruiting, fruiting, retain a number of leaves after the top. Melon vines are mainly taken by each plant in their own circle spacing within the distance between the plants, gourd after the shelves, it is necessary to divert vines, so as not to break vines. Large wax gourd should be crushed at the same time when vines are introduced. In the soil below the stem section, dig 5-10 cm of shallow ditch, and the vines of 1.6-2 m growing in circles around the stems should be covered with fine soil. 3, fertilizer and water management: (1) a reasonable top dressing: melon fertilizer should pay attention to the appropriate combination of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, vigorous plant growth can be less chase or not chase, if the leaf pale or yellow, should be timely fertilizer. The early stage of wax gourd should be top-dressing, and before and after the opening of the female flowers, the water and fertilizer should be controlled. 1-2 melons should be re-fertilized after fruiting, 15-20 kg urea and 15 kg compound fertilizer per mu, and then every 10 days before harvesting. Two-month topdressing, the amount of fertilizer can be reduced appropriately. (2) Moisture Management: After the melon goes into the pumping stage, the water requirement is larger, and the horse water should be filled once. During the flowering period, the water is usually not watered or watered. The water during the fruit expansion period is the largest, and the soil should be kept moist to ensure the yield. V. Pest control 1. Disease prevention and control: Overthrowing disease: 70% of Dixon 300 times, 75% of chlorothalonil 800 times or 70% of early tyrophanine 800 times spraying; Bacteria: 58% Mn-Zn 300-500 times, 72% Proplex 800 times or 72% Dupont WP 600-800 times spray control; Powdery mildew: 20% Triadimecin 2000 times or 75% Chlorella 700 times liquid spray prevention and treatment of anthrax; anthracnose: 70% early jiujiubuzin 800-1000 times or 50% carbendazim 1500 times spraying control; sun burning disease: cover the fruit with melon leaves or other materials, reduce sunlight Direct. 2. Insect pest control: Thrips: 18% insecticide water double-agent 250-400 times liquid or buprofezin 1000 times liquid spray control; keep melon: 90% crystal trichlorfon 800-1000 times liquid or 90% Bataan Wettable powder 1000-1500 times spray control; Gualou: 40.7% Lost 1000 times liquid, 50% killer pine 1000 times or Bacillus thuringiensis preparations and other spraying control; Bactrocera flies: 40.7% music 1000 times liquid, 90% trichlorfon 1000 times or 80% dichlorvos 1000 times spraying control; fleas: diclofen 1500 times or 73% grams of the enemy 2000 times liquid spray control.