Intercropping Interplanting Agricultural Functions and Intercropping Techniques of Common Crops
The difference between intercropping and interplanting
Intercropping and interplanting, although all using the same land in accordance with a certain row spacing, spacing and size of the area for diversification of planting, but the two are two different methods of cultivation:
1. The so-called intercropping is that at the same time, according to a certain number of rows, two or more different types of crops are planted in the middle of the ground, and the intercropping of different crops has a long growing period, which generally accounts for more than half of the entire growing period.
2. The so-called interplanting is a method of planting new crops one after another in the latter stage of growth of the former crops. The growth period of interplanting crops is very short, and generally does not exceed half of the entire growth period.
3. Intercropping is an invaluable traditional planting experience that has been handed down from generation to generation of peasants in our country through planting practices. It also left us with many items suitable for intercropping. Many crop intercroppings have very prominent yield increases. Increase revenue.
Second, the five agricultural effects of crop intercropping
1. Intercropping can make full use of and prolong the growing season of crops, achieve the effect of more than one year of ripening and more than one year of income, increase planting income on limited land area, and at the same time, due to the relatively large row spacing of intercropping plants, A good solution to the conflict between crops and fertilizers.
2. Intercropping can increase the types of microorganisms in the soil, improve the nutrient structure in the soil, and adjust the pH balance of soil salinity so as to improve the structure of soil properties and increase soil fertility, and at the same time, it can effectively inhibit crop re-planting caused by continuous cropping. Pests and diseases occur, increasing the growth and quality of agricultural products.
3. Intercropping with interplanting, by planting different plant heights, different nutrient requirements, and different types of items for the growing season, the crops can be stratified into layers and alternately. This not only maximizes the spatial value of the cultivated land, but also makes full use of the sunlight. Can fully and comprehensively improve the ventilation and light conditions of field crops, so that the edge of production can be fully utilized.
4. Intercropping will increase crops' coverage of the soil on the soil. On the one hand, it will reduce the evaporation of moisture caused by direct sunlight on the earth's surface, and it will have a good moisturizing and drought-resistance effect. On the other hand, it will reduce the impact of rain erosion on the ground. The loss of surface soil has a good effect of soil protection and protection. On the other hand, due to the large area covered by field crops, the light and wind conditions that can reduce the growth of weeds can be used to suppress the growth of weeds.
5. Different plantings between different crops have very good effects in controlling pests and diseases and promoting production.
Third, the basic principle of crop intercropping
1, plant type - "a high and a short," "a fat and a thin," "a vertical and a horizontal": 1 high stalk crops and low stalk crop collocation; 2 loose type, lush foliage crops and plant type compact Sparse crops with branches and leaves; 3 crops with horizontally grown crops and vertical crops with foliage. For example, corn and potato sets, or sorghum and soybean sets, or corn and sweet potato interplanting, orderly on the plant type, the degree of tightness on the branches, clear up and down, in the field can form a very good ventilation Growing environment.
2, leaf type - "a sharp one round:" This is also relatively easy to understand, that is, round leaf crops and sharp leaf crops. For example, soybeans, cotton, sweet potatoes and other round leaf crops and corn, wheat, sorghum and other sharp leaf crops.
3, Density - "a big one small", "a wide and a narrow": For intercropping intercropping crops, the main crop density is larger, line spacing should be wider, the density of sub-crop crops should be small, row spacing should be narrow. Such as watermelon interplanting garlic, cotton, pepper and so on.
4. Growth period - "One morning and one evening": intercropping best crop types at different growth stages in order to better extend the growing period of main and sub-species crops, and better use of solar lighting conditions and soil resources. It is said that the maturity of the main crop can be slightly later and the maturation of the subspecies can be slightly earlier.
IV. Intercropping of different crops
1. Intercropping of cash crops
Sets of leeks and tomatoes can prevent tomato root rot; cabbages and cabbage can prevent root rot of cabbage; garlic and potato sets can prevent late blight of potatoes; garlic and cotton sets can expel field mites; garlic and canola Set can control field vegetable worms; Lettuce and spinach intercropping can reduce the occurrence of pests and diseases; Lettuce and cabbage sets can prevent spawning butterflies; Cabbage and tomato or lettuce sets can prevent a variety of cabbage pest damage; Radish and grass intercropping can make Prevention and control of radish root nematodes; carrots and onions cover each other to prevent pests; ginger and bitter gourd sets can make ginger ripe for market in advance, bitter gourd harvest; eggplant and welsh onion sets can prevent ants; pepper and cucumber sets can prevent and control Cucumber downy mildew, pepper anthrax; peas and onion sets can prevent pea smut; bean pods and cucumber pods can promote each other's growth and increase yield; pakchoi and aubergine intercropping can prevent and treat tiger pests; tomato and wax gourd can To prevent the occurrence of tomato sunburn; between sesame and sweet potato sets can improve the use of light energy and achieve The increase in yield; leek and cowpea sets, leek will absorb the nitrogen fertilizer cowpea, can effectively inhibit the cowpea prosperous, promote multi-crusted; a few sets of ramie between the ground can drive out the scarab; garlic onions crop cover, not only can prevent A variety of vegetable diseases can effectively inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria in the soil and have the effect of soil disinfection.
2. Intercropping of field crops
Corn and soybean intercropping, soybean rhizobia for the production of nitrogen for corn production, corn in the soil for soybean rhizobium supply more carbohydrates; corn and cotton intercropping, can significantly reduce the bollworm in cotton seedlings on the amount of eggs and Harm; corn and cabbage, pepper intercropping, can reduce the field temperature, so that cabbage virus disease, soft rot, downy mildew more than 20% reduction, so that the chili disease virus, sunburn disease reduced by more than half; corn and peas between sets, The two can promote each other's growth, achieve both increase production; corn and cucumber intercropping, can reduce cucumber mosaic disease by more than half; corn and pumpkin intercropping, pumpkin will attract corn locust predators black egg bees into the field, thereby reducing the risk of corn borer Corn and garlic are interspersed, and the irritating gas emitted by garlic can inhibit the incidence of aphids and corn borer.
Wheat and cotton intercropping, wheat plants can prevent cotton bollworm from invading and damaging cotton seedlings. At the same time, seven-spotted ladybirds in wheat fields are the natural enemies of cotton aphids, which can significantly reduce cotton bollworm and aphid damage; wheat and tobacco intercropping, and wheat The seven-spotted ladybug is the weather of the tobacco aphid, which can reduce the harm of the tobacco aphid to tobacco, but also reduce the tobacco mosaic disease by 45 percent; the intercropping of wheat and faba bean can improve the ventilation and moisture retention of the field, both Can significantly reduce the incidence of wheat rust and broad bean brown spot, but also enhance the ability of drought resistance; barley and potato sets, potato leaves can secrete a substance that stimulates the growth of barley, promote barley growth and increase production.
3, Intercropping between fruit crops
Between the apple and cherry sets, the volatile gases of the two can promote each other's growth, so that the fruit has a more sweet taste; grape and cucumber sets, can effectively reduce the incidence of grape brown spot and downy mildew; apple and pear trees After the honeysuckle is planted, the secretions of the honeysuckle root can be absorbed by the fruit trees to reduce the occurrence of some diseases and insect pests. In the middle of the orchard, beans and peanuts can inhibit the growth of weeds, increase the soil strength, and increase the fruit tree's growth and results. The cultivation of some asparagus or mangosteen in the orchard can inhibit the growth of fruit tree nematodes.
It should be noted that the orchard set is most suitable for unclosed young orchards, and the densely planted high-yield orchard is not suitable for intercropping. Intercropping crops are best for leguminous crops, short-growing vegetable crops, underground stem crops, and rattan woods. Crops and tall stalk crops are not suitable for interplanting orchards.
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